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If you are a business owner who occasionally hires self-employed contractors, you need to know a number of forms to the IRS for reporting purposes. In this article, we examine various tax forms for contractors and describe major differences between independent contractors and regular employees.

Who is an Independent Contractor?

From the perspective of the IRS, independent contractors are considered self-employed workers. This means that they have to use tax forms as independent contractors and pay their taxes on time.

Here are several examples of independent contractors that frequently work for organizations:

freelancers such as web designers, graphic designers, copywriters, virtual assistants, and many other self-employed professionals;

real estate agents, carpenters, plumbers, house cleaners, and other tradesmen.

Independent contractors usually work under a contract and may permit any kind of job required by a company. Since they are not employed by the firm to which they provide their services, they have the freedom to organize their working time, pick the tasks they want to accomplish, and set their own prices for the job.

All You Need To Know About Group Policy In Windows

What Is Group Policy?

In general, Group Policy Editor comes in two variants. The first one is the Centralized or Active Directory Group Policy, and the second one is Local Group Policy.

Active Directory Group Policy

For instance, by changing a single policy called “Disable Windows Installer,” a network administrator can block all the users on any computer in the same domain from installing or updating any software on Windows.

Local Group Policy

Local Group Policy is not that different from the Active Directory Group Policy. While the Active Directory Group Policy is used in professional environments like offices to control a network of computers, Local Group Policy is used to configure settings for users on the same computer.

Of course, to make any changes to the Local Group Policy, you need to have administrator privileges. In case of Centralized or Active Directory Group Policy, you need to have network administrator privileges.

Considering how much control Group Policy gives a user, the feature is only intended to be used by professionals and power users. As such, it is only available for Pro and Enterprise users.

Categories in Local Group Policy Editor

When it comes to making changes to the Group Policy, most of us only ever use the Local Group Policy Editor. In general, Local Group Policy is divided into two major categories called Computer Configuration and User Configuration.

Computer Configuration: The policies in this category are applied to the entire computer regardless of the user. For instance, if you want to enforce a password strength policy for all users on the computer, you modify the relevant policy in this category.

User Configuration: The policies in this category are applied to users rather than the entire computer. Since the policies are applied to users rather than the computer, no matter what computer a user logs in to, the policies are automatically enforced by Windows.

If you’ve ever browsed through these categories, you might have seen the same policies in both categories which can be configured independently. In case of any policy clash between computer configuration and user configuration categories, the computer configuration will override the user configuration.

Using Local Group Policy

Compared to Registry Editor, using Local Group Policy is easy and straightforward. Add to that that each policy has a detailed description of what it is and what happens when you disable or enable a policy.

To open Local Group Policy, search for “Edit Group Policy” in the Start menu or type gpedit.msc in the Run dialog box, and press the Enter button.

This action will open the policy settings window. In this window you can see the policy description under the “Help” section. If the policy has any additional options, you will see them under the “Options” section.

To reset any policy to its default state, select the “Not configured” option.

Conclusion

Active Directory Group Policy image credit: Microsoft

Vamsi Krishna

Vamsi is a tech and WordPress geek who enjoys writing how-to guides and messing with his computer and software in general. When not writing for MTE, he writes for he shares tips, tricks, and lifehacks on his own blog Stugon.

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All You Need To Know About India’s New Drone Policy (2023)

While people in Europe, US and Canada have enjoyed a high level of freedom with commercial or hobby drones, India has so far remained mum on the new technology, at least officially speaking.

So, if you’re a drone enthusiast like most of us here at Beebom, or if you’ve been planning on a commercial application for drones, it’s important that you understand exactly what the new Drone Regulations 1.0 means for you.

Drone Categorization

To make these laws easier to understand and differentiate between, the DGCA has divided unmanned aircrafts into five categories, each with its own set of rules. The five categories are:

2. Micro: weighing more than 250g and less than or equal to 2kg

3. Small: weighing more than 2kg and less than or equal to 25kg

4. Medium: weighing more than 25kg and less than or equal to 150kg

5. Large: weighing over 150kg

Operational Requirements for Drones Registering the Drone

Technically speaking, this is called ‘Unique Identification Number’ in the Regulation document, but it’s basically a registration number for your drone. Every drone that is intended to be flown in Indian airspace will have to be registered. However, certain drone types and agencies do not need to get any registrations.

Who Doesn’t Need Registrations?

If you’re using a Nano drone (weight less than or equal to 250 grams) you don’t need to get it registered if you fly it under a limit of 50 feet

Drones owned and operated by the NTRO, ARC, and Central Intelligence Agencies don’t need to be registered.

Registering the Pilot

Again, the actual, technical name for registering the pilot is ‘Unmanned Aircraft Operator Permit’ or ‘UAOP’. Essentially, the person who intends to fly the drone needs to get a permit as well. However, here too, certain drones and agencies don’t need to get the permit.

Who Doesn’t Need Permits?

If you’re flying a Nano drone under 50 feet, you don’t need to get the Unmanned Aircraft Operator Permit.

If you’re flying a Micro drone under 200 feet, you don’t need to get the Unmanned Aircraft Operator Permit. However, you will still need to get the Unique Identification Number for the drone itself.

Drones owned and operated by the NTRO, ARC, and Central Intelligence Agencies don’t need to get permits.

Mandatory Features in Drones

In order to fly a drone in India, you need to ensure that your drone is equipped with certain mandatory safety features. These have also been specified in the regulation document. Here are all the features your drone needs to have in order to be permitted in the Indian airspace:

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) should be available on the drone.

The drone should have a Return to Home feature.

The drone should have flashing anti-collision lights.

The drone should be RFID and GSM SIM card compliant, or have the No Permission No Takeoff feature.

The drone should have a fire resistant plate with the registration number on it.

The drone should have a flight controller with flight data logging capability.

Besides this, any drone that is going to be used in controlled airspace upto a height of 400 metres, needs to have the following additional features as well:

SSR transponder

Barometric equipment

Geo-fencing capability

Detect and avoid capability.

However, as it is with almost every other requirement, these don’t apply to Nano and Micro drones flying in uncontrolled airspace as long as they stay under 50 feet and 200 feet respectively. Above those limits, even these drones will also need to have the features and permits mentioned above.

Restrictions on Drone Usage

You can’t fly a drone within a radius of 3km from any civil, private, or defence airports.

In Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, and Bangalore, you can’t fly a drone within a radius of 5km from any civil, private, or defence airports.

No drones can be flown within permanent or temporary Prohibited, Restricted and Danger Areas.

No drones can be flown within a distance of 25km of international borders. This includes the Line of Control (LOC), Line of Actual Control (LOAC), and Actual Ground Position Line (AGPL).

You can’t fly a drone further than 500m into the sea from the coastline.

You can’t fly a drone within a range of 3km from any military facilities or installations.

No drones can be operated within a range of 5km from Vijay Chowk in Delhi.

You can’t fly a drone from a moving platform, which includes cars, ships, and aircrafts.

Ready to Fly a Drone in India?

These new regulations will go into effect from December 1, 2023, so if you’re looking to fly a drone in the country, make sure you get your drone registered, and that you get yourself a permit to fly drones in India.

Also, keep in mind that you are not breaking any laws and follow the restrictions mentioned because you might find yourself in legal trouble otherwise, especially since these are new rules. However, as long as you follow the rules, and your drone is registered, you should have no issues flying the drone around the country.

While flying a drone in India isn’t going to be as easy as it is in places like the US, it’s important to understand that India’s security needs do make it more difficult for the government to give free reign over drone usage in the country, especially near military installations. If you’re interested, you can read the entire document on the new drone regulations here.

Fake Antivirus: All You Need To Know!

Fake Antivirus: All You Need to Know! What is a Fake virus?

Fake virus is a program which is specially designed to imitate computer security scans and display the fake security threats. The motive of these fake virus programs is to scare you so that you purchase the product that they are offering to fix your system which was never infected. You can also say that these are misleading tools that aim to trick users to get into their computers. Moreover, these are the high-risk malware which is created by cyber attackers to get into your system by displaying fake scan reports, number of bugs, and security alert pop-ups.

Capabilities of Fake Antivirus Programs

These are some of the powerful tools that easily modify your systems settings and block execution of installed programs. Moreover, these anti-virus programs configure themselves to start automatically when your machine starts up. Already downloaded tools have a lot of capabilities such as they can easily gather your personal and financial data, launch malicious programs without the owner’s permission and corrupting your vital files.

How to Figure Out Your System Is Infected with Fake Antivirus Programs? Other major symptoms:

Slow and sluggish performance of your machine.

Not able to access the Internet or wifi connection.

Receiving fake security warning alerts on your screen.

How Fake Antivirus Infect Your System? How to avert fake antivirus programs?

The fake antivirus programs are designed by cyber criminals to infect your machine for their financial benefits. Keeping your installed app, software, Java and operating systems up-to-date, not only helps you fix minor bugs but also benefits averting fake antivirus programs from your machine. Make sure your firewall is always active as it is one of the best ways to prevent unauthorized access to your computer. It is always recommended to use legitimate programs such as anti-virus, anti-malware, anti-spyware to safeguard your machine from fake antivirus programs.

Boost Up Your Security Settings

First and foremost, thing is to download and install reliable antivirus on your machine. However, to boost up your security settings follow the below mentioned instructions.

Enable Firewall

Firstly, you need to enable firewall to make sure that you are using the secured internet connection and local networks. You can also use the reliable third-party tool to track down your incoming and outgoing traffic to add an extra layer of security.

Configure Your Settings

If you want to let the AV to performs automatic system updates, then it is important to configure your settings. Moreover, updating your system improve upon past errors and offer the boosted features with better performance.

In case, if your machine is infected with fake antivirus tool then it is not going to easy to get rid of these programs as they are designed for stealing and damaging purpose. However, using the legitimate antivirus and antimalware programs can eliminate these programs for you.

Must Read : Do You Need an Offline Malware Scanner?

Keeping your system regularly optimize and updated will help you to protect your computer from fake virus programs. Download the programs from the trusted website to avert fake antivirus programs so you never end up compromising on your data.

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Buying Used Graphics Cards: All You Need To Know About Used Gpus

Buying Used Graphics Cards: All You Need To Know About Used GPUs

Buying used graphics cards can be tricky business. Of course you want your new (to you) GPU to be in full working condition, or as close to that as possible. GPU shortages may be less of a problem than they’ve been in recent years, but that doesn’t mean that we don’t recognize that some savvy shoppers will be looking for used graphics cards on the cheap.

This is a detailed guide for buying used GPUs, so we’re going to tackle the common issues you might face with a used GPU purchase, where to buy them, what prices and levels of performance to expect, and more.

READ NOW: Best GPU deals right now

Whether it’s an older Nvidia RTX 20-series, or even something much more recent like an RX 6700 XT or RTX 3060 for example, you’ll want to keep a keen eye out for any problems or rough handling by the previous owner. Here is all you need to know about used GPUs.

By the end of this article, you’re going to be more than ready to start buying used GPUs. If you’re already familiar with the lingo, feel free to skip the next section – otherwise, let’s bring you up to par.

The Graphics Card Lingo

Here are common terms used throughout this article that you should know before continuing.

GPU – While this is often used as an alternate term for “graphics card”, there are some graphics cards out there that actually have multiple GPUs inside them, such as the GTX 690 and Radeon HD 7990. Assume the former usage in this article unless stated otherwise.

VRAM – This is memory used exclusively by your GPU, which is often much faster than DDR3/DDR4 RAM. VRAM usually impacts performance at higher display resolutions and with higher-resolution textures.

Mining – This refers to cryptocurrency mining. If a GPU has been used for mining by an irresponsible reseller, it may have problems with overheating. You typically want to avoid these just to be safe, but you can also use this as leverage while bargaining.

Overclocking – Overclocking refers to the practice of pushing your GPU’s performance to higher tiers, though it may come at the cost of worse thermal performance or instability. Some cards you buy may be overclocked, though factory overclocks usually don’t suffer the same problems associated with doing it yourself.

PCB – Printed Circuit Board. This is often visible on the “back” of your GPU, though some GPUs may come with backplates to protect it.

Common Used Graphics Cards Problems And How To Fix Them

These problems are usually pretty fixable but may require some extra work on your part. If you buy a used GPU, especially from an independent reseller, these are the most likely issues you’ll face.

Problem: Dust Buildup

This is the most common of them all: an old GPU that simply has a lot of dust inside of it. This usually won’t cause severe overheating, but it can raise your temps noticeably. Most often, this will be found in the heatsink behind the fans and can be difficult to get rid of during routine PC maintenance.

Solution: Compressed Air

Fortunately, taking care of it is pretty straightforward. You’ll want to take the GPU out of your system completely and take a can of compressed air to it, removing any pockets of dust you can find. If you’re blowing compressed air anywhere near the fans, you’ll want to hold the fans to avoid damaging their bearings.

Problem: Severe Overheating

If taking compressed air to your card hasn’t worked, you may be dealing with a deeper cooling issue. Sometimes, dust will be in places that you simply can’t reach with your compressed air, your cooler may not be mounted onto your graphics card securely, or your thermal compound may be long expired. In any of these cases…

Solution: Replace Thermal Compound

You’ll want to remove the fan and cooler from your GPU entirely so you can more thoroughly clear them of dust and apply the new thermal compound to the GPU die. Instructions for this will vary depending on the exact make and model of your card, but if you’re comfortable with a screwdriver and have a safe, static-free workspace, you shouldn’t need to worry too much.

If you’ve ever removed your CPU cooler and added new thermal paste, you’re pretty much dealing with the same concept here.

Problem: “GPU Sag”

If a graphics card has been in use for a long time, you may notice it begin to sag. This phenomenon is called “GPU sag”, and if you’re buying an older used GPU, you’re fairly likely to encounter it. Fortunately, GPU sag is harmless to your hardware, as graphics cards are actually built with some flex to account for it. (Otherwise, they’d simply snap in half.)

If you really want to fix it, though…

Solution: Add GPU Brace

You’ll need to find a mounting arm or brace to fix the problem. You can either jerry-rig this yourself or use the solution we’ve linked below.

Severe Problems With Used Graphics Cards

These problems are much more severe, and likely completely unfixable. The only “solution” you have here are returns and refunds. These are relatively rare, though, and if you follow the best practices you shouldn’t usually encounter them.

Problem: Damaged Card/PCB

By “damage”, we mean damage. Dust buildup and expired thermal paste will negatively impact your card, but don’t necessarily constitute damage. If your card is damaged, the most likely part of it to be damaged is the PCB, usually with small parts of it being scraped or blasted off.

A common cause of this is using an air compressor instead of compressed air to clean a GPU. While a compressor works, if it’s too strong it can and will blast off parts of the PCB.

Symptoms of damaged graphics cards include:

Frequent instability and crashing in games

Blue Screens of Death

Faulty temperature readings

Ensure that your graphics card isn’t overclocked. If you’re still encountering any of these problems, especially the first two, chances are your GPU is damaged and needs to be returned.

While used GPUs don’t usually come with a warranty, some manufacturers may be willing to repair or replace your card for a reasonable price. This will vary on a case-by-case basis, though, and usually, you’ll be better off just getting your money back.

Problem: Fake GPUs

Fake GPUs are particularly malicious because only the most attentive customers will be able to catch the ruse. If you don’t know what kind of performance to expect out of a graphics card you’re buying, you may not ever find out that the “GTX 1060” you’re using is actually a rebranded GTX 960, for instance.

Used Graphics Cards: How To Buy

The problems above may sound scary, but with the right practices, they can be easily avoided! Here are the top three rules of buying used GPUs.

1. Only Buy From Trusted Sellers

There are a number of viable places to search for used GPUs. Similar to many products, you can look on eBay or the Facebook Marketplace, but make sure you’re buying from a trusted seller. No matter how enticing a price might look, if a seller has a rating any lower than ~95% percent, you probably shouldn’t buy something from them.

While there are honest-hearted sellers out there just getting started, it’s not on you to bet hundreds of dollars on them. Be smart and stick to sellers who have consistently high ratings.

2. Thoroughly Research Pricing

This may go without saying, but don’t grab the first great deal you see! Keep looking around for alternative options, and also check to make sure that the “great deal” you’ve spotted is actually a great deal. We’re going to give current examples of GPUs to buy and expected price ranges later on in the article, which should serve as a great place to start.

3. Never Buy MSRP or Full Price

This applies to anything used, honestly. If you’re going to pay full price for something, just buy it new from Amazon. If it’s used and it’s anywhere near MSRP, don’t bother! Either keep looking for a better deal or find a different card with a similar performance level. The GPU shortage ended a long time ago, so there’s no reason to buy used cards at MSRP anymore.

Used Graphics Cards: What To Buy

Finally, let’s get to the graphics cards that you should be buying and the expected price range you’ll be buying them in! If you’re unfamiliar with the modern graphics card landscape, then check out our GPU hierarchy or best graphics card guide.

Budget Range (Up to $130)

In the budget range, you should be looking for GPUs that perform better than or on par with the GTX 1050/1050 Ti, if not those exact cards.

These cards will usually have 2GB or less of VRAM, which is just fine for 1080p and 720p gaming, though you may need to turn down a few texture-related detail settings.

Cards that you may find in this range include:

GTX 760

GTX 770 (good deal)

GTX 960

GTX 970 (great deal)

RX 560

RX 470/570 (amazing deal)

Midrange ($200 to $350)

In this range, you’ll find the most cards, the most competition, and the most deals. Closer to $200, you should be looking for cards that perform on par with the GTX 1060 6GB. Closer to $300, you should be looking for cards that perform on par with the GTX 1070.

In this performance range, you’ll find cards that are better-suited for tackling 1440p and VR gaming. Anywhere from 4GB to 8GB of VRAM is common here, with the higher meaning the better for VR/1440p.

Low-Mid (~$200)

RX 480

RX 580 (amazing deal)

GTX 970

GTX 780 Ti (amazing deal)

GTX 980/980 Ti (amazing deal)

High-Mid (~$300)

RX Vega 56 (amazing deal)

RX Vega 64 (amazing deal)

GTX 1070 (amazing deal)

GTX 1070 Ti (best deal, but unlikely)

High End (Up to $450)

Truth be told, you probably aren’t going to find much in the way of bargains here. Since all the GPUs that perform in this price range are still current-gen, their used prices are often very lackluster, generally less than $50 off from MSRP, which honestly isn’t worth losing your warranty over.

We’ll still go ahead and list GPUs here, but we’re also going to list their MSRPs so you can judge for yourself whether or not the deal you’ve found is worth it. You shouldn’t be spending more than $450 on any of these used, though.

The general performance level you should expect in this price range is pretty high, though. 1440p maxed and 4K high start to become possible here.

GTX 1080 – $549

GTX 1080 Ti – $699

GTX 2070 – $599

Worth noting is that with the release of the RTX GPUs, GTX 1080s and 1080 Tis are starting to see more noticeable discounts, even when being sold new. If you really want high-end performance and are willing to spend a lot extra for it, keep an eye out for deals on those cards.

Parting Words

Now that you know what’s out there, what do you have your eyes on? Personally, we’re eyeing deals on the RX 580! It’s already the best price-performance card from a new perspective, and amongst used GPUs that seems to only be exemplified.

Macos 13 Ventura: All You Need To Know About Apple’s New Os

The slogan for this new version of the Mac OS is “Works smarter. Plays harder”. After all, as you can see on the Cupertino company’s official website, You can do everything you do on a Mac in a better way via macOS Ventura. There are a lot of new ways to improve productivity, share interests, and work together on apps”.

There are many new features that macOS Ventura 13 will add to Apple computers, including features on Mail, Spotlight, Safari, Passkey, Messages, Photos, and many others. In summary, users are eagerly awaiting the release of this update.

macOS 13 Ventura Launch date

According to Apple’s announcement, macOS Ventura 13 will be available on Monday, October 24, in the final week of October. However, the Cupertino company recently released the macOS 13 Ventura Release Candidate. Which in reality is a developer-only version that precedes the final one.

Download macOS 13 Ventura

All Macs released to the market starting in 2023 will be able to download the new version of macOS Ventura for free. In more detail, the update will be installed automatically after the software has been downloaded from the Mac App Store.

macOS 13 Ventura Compatibility

As previously stated, macOS 13 Ventura will be available on all Macs sold starting in 2023. Therefore, there won’t be an update for “older” Intel models.

The Macs compatible with the new operating system will be:

MacBook Air: starting from 2023

MacBook Pro: starting from 2023

MacBook: starting from 2023

iMac Pro: starting from 2023

Mac mini: starting from 2023

2023 Mac Studio Mac Pro

In other words, the only way to fulfill the desire of those who own an older model of Mac and want to try the new operating system is to purchase a newer computer.

macOS 13 Ventura New features

Numerous new features in the new operating system guarantee a never-before-seen experience. Stage Manager, Continuity, Passkey, Mail, Messages, Spotlight, and Safari got the most important features.

Stage Manager

This function automatically arranges the open windows so that the app the user is using can take the center stage. On the other hand, the other windows will show up on the left and be available at all times. When working on multiple tasks or projects, grouping windows will also be an option.

Continuity

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With this new feature, the Mac’s webcam can now be in use with the iPhone’s camera. Additionally, users will be able to start a FaceTime call on their iPhone or iPad. And transfer it to their computer thanks to the addition of “Handoff” to FaceTime.

Passkey

This feature is unquestionably one of the coolest. In reality, using your own biometric authentication method will be sufficient in place of creating a new password. Therefore, writing down a password won’t be necessary. Actually, passkeys are distinct digital keys that are stored locally on the device rather than online. End-to-end encryption is in use to synchronize with iCloud Keychain on Mac, iPhone, iPad, and Apple TV. Finally, scanning a QR code will be sufficient. If the user needs to log in on non-Apple devices using the iPhone.

Mail

It will be possible to postpone, schedule, and receive alerts for any follow-up. And even cancel an email that has already been sent. In addition, the internal research has improved from the previous version.

Messages

You can now retrieve accidentally deleted chats, edit or cancel recently sent messages, mark messages as unread, and mark messages as read. In addition, when a user shares a file through the app, you can collaborate with other users or share a copy of the file. A specific conversation will start on Messages in the case of collaboration.

Safari

The most energy-efficient browser on macOS has always been Safari. And it now has a useful new feature for collaborative projects called shared tab groups. This feature enables you to share a particular group of tabs with particular friends, who can then add new cards to the collection.

Spotlight

The new operating system’s Spotlight has a refreshed look that makes navigation even easier. Now, you can search for a picture using the position, scene, or position criteria (even through the text they contain). The ability to start a timer, create a document, and perform a link is the last option.

Wallpaper

The new wallpaper for macOS 13 Ventura was unveiled at Apple’s WWDC 2023. It demonstrates the graphic overhaul that the company wanted to give its operating system.

With orange tones on a blue background. It is an image with a figure in the center that is available in Light and Dark versions. It is a distinctive background that unquestionably grabs users’ attention.

macOS 13 Ventura Beta version

Ventura, like every other version of macOS, has its own beta program that began before the stable will be released. There are two types of macOS betas: those intended for developers and those intended for the general public.

To participate in the beta, you must first log in to the official Apple website using your Apple ID, enroll your Mac (or other macOS-powered devices) in the program, and then download and run the macOS Public Beta Access Utility, which is a small program that makes sure your Mac is able to receive beta updates.

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