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How to Install Ubuntu?The following article provides an outline for How to Install Ubuntu. Ubuntu is an Operating system. Ubuntu Release Links. It’s an open-source LINUX distribution based primarily on DEBIAN. Ubuntu is released every 6 months, its Long term support (LTS) releases every 2 years. Ubuntu’s latest release is 18.10; we will work and show the installation process on 18.04 LTS.
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Platforms:
IA-32, AMD64
ARMhf (ARMv7 + VFPv3-D16)
ARM64
Only for servers: POWER8 (ppc64le) and s390x
Getting Started:
A user needs to get a copy of the Ubuntu installation image for USBs or DVDs. These are some of the most preferred options to install Ubuntu.
System Requirement:
1 GHz x86 processor (Pentium 4 or better)
1 GB of system memory (ram)
5 GB of disk space (at least 15 GB is recommended)
Video support capable of 1024×768 resolution
Audio support
An Internet connection (highly recommended, but not required)
Note: If you have a 64-bit version, prefer the 64-bit download and the same for the 32-bit users.
Creating a Bootable USB Drive
Set the USB in your device USB slot.
Open cmd application and ‘Run as administrator from the context menu. A user will get a small window with some actions to perform.
Type ‘diskpart’ and confirm. This will start the storage device manager.
Now enter the command ‘list disk’; this will display all the available storage devices.
Choose your disk from here as a user will have to select the disk to proceed.
Now enter the command ‘sel nickname.’
Now enter the command ‘clean’ to delete all the files from the USB.
Now enter the command ‘create partition primary’ for the main partition (into the disk).
Now enter the command ‘list pair’ and select ‘sel par 1.’
Now activate the partition with the command ‘active.’
Some last adjustments, format the USB using this command.
"format fs=FAT32 label="WINDOWS USB" quick override."
Once the process is finished, users must enter the command “assign’ to automatically assign a drive later to your USB.
Enter ‘exit’ to close your DiskPart, and then ‘exit’ again to close the command prompt.
This is how the screen looks if everything is rightly done. This bootable USB not only works as installation media but also allow its users to test Ubuntu without avoiding any permanent changes to the computer system. A user can run the entire OS from the USB. So you have the bootable USB drive, let’s see the process to install Ubuntu.
Process To Install UbuntuPlug your USB in the computer slot and restart your computer. Once your computer finds this plugged USB stick, you will get a quick loading screen with a Welcome window’. Move ahead by selecting the preferred language, and the screen u will get from now onwards is shown below.
Select the ‘Install Ubuntu’ button; this will start the installation process.
Note: The action taken in the above screen completely depends upon the users (like internet connection selection and updates while installing). These will not affect the application performances in any way. So, a user can deselect them as well.
Now, a user has to allocate space; let’s see how. The Ubuntu installer will automatically detect any existing OS installed on your machine.
Install alongside other OS
Upgrade Ubuntu
Erase and install Ubuntu
Something Else
We will choose the ‘install alongside other OS’.
Who are you? A screen is meant to fetch some personal details (including the credentials) from the users. Ubuntu needs to know the account details. After successful configuration, these details will be reflected and used to work.
Name
What you want to call your computer
Username details
Password
How you want Ubuntu to log in
OptionsYou have done all your installation work; the last configuration is needed.
This is the Login option. At the bottom of the screen, a user has two options regarding how to log into Ubuntu.
Login automatically: Here, Ubuntu will log in to your primary account automatically when you start your device. In this case, you dot have to provide your username and password.
Require my password to login: This is the default selection. This will provide unauthorized access to your device. After the installation, if a user has opted, this login screen will pop out every time. Any user can have different login credentials for the same computer.
Encrypt my home folder: This is more secure and has an additional layer of security. By selecting this, Ubuntu will automatically enable encryption on your home folder.
Most of us prefer to use Windows as it is very user-friendly, but there are some limitations of Windows when compared to Ubuntu.
Given below are some facts about how Ubuntu scores over Windows:
Unlike Windows, Ubuntu is Free.
Ubuntu is completely customizable; the moment you install Ubuntu, you can see the behavior. You can personalize every single element on your UI/UX like notification sounds, popup styles and layouts, fonts, workspaces, and even animations related to the system.
Ubuntu is more secure; you can set a password for any number of folders and files.
Good for development purposes.
It can be updated without restarting.
Ubuntu is Open source, unlike Windows.
Recommended ArticlesWe hope that this EDUCBA information on “Install Ubuntu” was beneficial to you. You can view EDUCBA’s recommended articles for more information.
You're reading Complete Guide To Different Steps To Install Ubuntu
Complete Guide To Powershell Administrator
Introduction to PowerShell Administrator
PowerShell administrator is a person who is responsible for maintaining the overall windows-based servers of an organization. They are also responsible for maintaining the integrity of the data of the organization. They also play a pivotal role in maintaining the on-boarding and off-boarding of employees as they are the ones responsible for maintaining the active directory of the organization. PowerShell administrators are also known as windows administrators.
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Different ways of Running as PowerShell AdministratorThere is a major difference between running a cmdlet or a script in PowerShell in a normal mode from that of an administrator mode. It is because most of the operations require admin access and only a PowerShell administrator has the privilege to perform those operations.
Open PowerShell using the run command. Once the PowerShell window is opened, type as Start-Process PowerShell -verb run as and press the enter key.
By using task manager, create a new task. In the name, type PowerShell and check the “Create this task with administrative privileges” and press enter.
Roles and Responsibilities of PowerShell AdministratorGiven below are the roles and responsibilities :
1. Check for patchesOne of the main responsibilities of a PowerShell administrator is to check for the latest patches that are available and install them. This is a crucial part for any organization to prevent the resources from vulnerabilities attacks and other security related issues. Most of the organization’s patches are installed on a monthly basis to avoid any threats. Get-Hotfix cmdlet is used to find the patches. If we know the id of the patch, then that KB article value should be passed.
Example:
Code:
Get-Hotfix
Output:
It will display the list of all patches that are installed in the local computer.
2. Monitoring the disk space availabilityThe other important task of the PowerShell administrator is to monitor the available disk space in the system. This process will be tedious in case if there are multiple servers in the system and can’t be done manually. This job is automated by most of the admins with the help of a script which regularly checks for the disk space and sends a trigger based on the condition. These scripts are run using a task scheduler, which will run during non-business hours.
Example:
Code:
}
3. Adding users from csv to an AD GroupExample:
Code:
}
Output:
4. Check if patch is installed in a server or notExample:
Code:
In the above example, a list of servers is maintained in one csv and the list of patch ids to be checked for installation in maintained in another csv. For each of the servers mentioned in the csv, all the patch ids are checked if it is installed or not. The server details and patch id’s can be mentioned in the same csv but it would be convenient to have them in different csv’s.
5. Deleting IIS logs older than 10 daysCode:
}
Output:
In the above script, a list of log locations is mentioned in the text file. Then in each of the paths, the files that are greater than 7 days are deleted. This can also be scheduled in a task scheduler and can be run daily during non-business hours.
ConclusionThus, the article covered in detail who is a PowerShell administrator and what are his roles and responsibilities. The mentioned roles are only a few but there are more tasks than a PowerShell administrator does on his day-to-day activities. The roles are explained with appropriate examples. In some cases, the PowerShell administrator is also responsible for the overall infrastructure of an organization.
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Complete Guide To Logstash Version
Introduction to Logstash
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Various Logstash Version 1. Logstash 6.3.0 Version
All the versions before 6.3.0 supports for 6.2.x versions or earlier versions including 5.x versions which are considered as PQ versions prior to Logstash 6.3.0 therefore making persistent queue enabled therefore recommending deleting all the persistent queue and its associated activities before upgradation.
2. Logstash 6.0 VersionThere are some core and major changes in Logstash 6.0 version which are as follows:
Changes in Logstash Core: These changes can affect any of the instance for Logstash which further impacts lot of features. All changes related to Logstash is mainly related to plugins associated with it.
Application settings segment with config.reload.interval parameter has been changed to use all the time related values and convert this to millisecond values for themselves in their desired units of time.
There are certain changes in terms of rpm and deb packages which in turn makes the overall config files match the required configuration with conf.d pattern matching the glob pattern for transformation.
Command line interface behavior also got changed providing options to -e and -f for mutual exclusion and configurations appending the stdin input and stdin output respectively.
There were many plugins which were deprecated from the default bundle based on the usage of data and still those plugins can be used before these versions.
Logstash-codec-oldlogstashjson
3. Logstash 7.0.0-alpha1
Changes in Logstash Core: In this version the execution of java has been made as default.
There are major changes in core java specifications and all the associated activities.
Referencing to field is also made strict by default.
Bugfix: There is also a bugfix which is related to data type conversions including byte, short as in RabbitMQ input plugin.
Logstash-filter-aggregate is one of the plugins which has an ability to add new feature consisting of custom timeout or inactivity timeout in the block of entire code.
There are many logstash metrics specific to aggregate plugin having aggregate_maps, error_codes, pushed_events to track for.
Another Plugin Added is logstash-filter-jdbc_static: This plugin is used for adding additional information that emphasize on the documentation and signifies ordering in the table ordered.
Logstash-filter-xml: Plugin to add xpath to the failed empty set of arrays, it also fixes the forced_array behavior with nested elements.
4. Logstash 7.0.0-alpha2 VersionIt also has some more improvised Plugins which are supported in this release version which are as follows:
Logstash_filter_elasticsearch.
Also, it supports one more plugin like logstash-flash-memcached for making cache of stuffs.
Logstash input beats is another plugin which consists of loosen jar-dependencies to allow plugins to work with JRubies including later version.
5. Logstash 7.0.0-beta1 Version
Removal of Removed obsolete lru_cachesize field from the logstash-filter-geoip.
Removal of logstash-filter_jdbc streaming which help in swap out of postgresql for testing and streaming.
Minor documentation fixes and enhancements as well.
Logstash input-beats changed vault of add_hostname with some security aspects to be maintained.
The plugin consists of some kafka dependency that is also being removed.
6. Logstash 7.0.0-rc1 Version
Issues to be fixed for unqualified domains where it will fail for resolving the running instances with Logstash 5.x versions.
It included logstash-filter-kv which acts as a timeout parameter in this version.
7. Logstash 7.0.0-rc2 Version
It has a change related to plugins where the logstash-input-snmp plugin is updated and has a support for SNMP tables which can be queried religiously.
Enhancements related to get more cleared form of logs where three error messages in the client gets saved via target address related.
8. Logstash 7.0.0 Version
Logstash 7.0.0 version includes features from most of the already supported versions from 7.0.0-alpha1, alpha2, beta1, rc1 and rc2 versions.
Supports for most of the other plugins as well where it includes logstash-codec-cef, logstash-codec-netflow and many more.
9. Logstash 7.0.1 Version
It didn’t include much of the changes but majorly focused on bug fixing aspects of all the related 7.0.0 related versions.
10. Logstash 7.1.0 Version – Logstash 7.1.1 Version
In 7.1.0 version majorly updates for the changes to licensing of security features is emphasized on such as encrypted communications, files, and native authentication.
In this 7.1.1 version release majorly focused on bug fixing no user facing changes in the release.
11. Logstash 7.2.0 Version – Logstash 7.2.1 Version
Fixed that Java supports for Java 11 and Joni regexp is enabled.
Jinja2 docker dependency needs to be resolved.
12. Logstash 7.3.0 Version – Logstash 7.3.2 Version
There are major bug fixing related to ability to give multiple pipelines for all the settings.
13. Logstash 7.4.0 Version – Logstash 7.4.2 Version
Not much user-facing changes upto 7.4.2 version.
14. Logstash 7.5.0 Version – Logstash 7.5.2 Version
In 7.5.2 version the major emphasis is kept on improving the logstash start-time by moving class caching from compute steps to compiled pipeline.
Updated all jackson related dependencies.
15. Logstash 7.6.0 Version – Logstash 7.6.2 Version
Some fixes were made related to quoted plugin option key having many regression keys to stop pipeline from starting.
16. Logstash 7.7.0 – Logstash 7.13.4 Version
Have almost same fixes and changes related to plugins and manipulation in pipelines and its related components like GeoIP.
17. Logstash 7.14.0
This is the stable and latest version of Logstash which is currently into release segment.
Conclusion – Logstash VersionThe Logstash Elastic Agent input plugin is available and is used with Elastic agents normal availability and elastic workplace search that has really aided in enhancing all the logs. Logging mechanism gets improvised and simplifies the job of maintaining logs in an efficient manner seamlessly. Logstash latest version has come a long way starting from its alpha release with lots of bug fixing and improvements.
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A Complete Guide To Joomla Version
Introduction to Joomla Version
Web development, programming languages, Software testing & others
Different Joomla VersionsAs we know, Joomla was a result of the dispute of Mambo, which was formed as a non-profit organization with the intention of protecting the project from lawsuits. It is used widely to create both simple and complex web applications. Joomla is a spelling of Swahili “jumla”, which means “all together”. In September 2023, the first official version of Joomla was released with some major bug fixes. It was basically a rebranding version. Over 3 years, many new versions with so many updates and new changes were released.
1. Joomla 1.x Series
Joomla 1.0: It was the first-ever release of Joomla on 22 September 2005. It is basically for the rebranding release of Mambo. The basic motive of this release is rebranding with major bug fixes. By voting in the community members, the company decided on the logo of Joomla on 29 September 2005.
Joomla 1.5: It was the first major version of Joomla, which was released on 22nd January 2008. This version has got new features and new power levels in the world of CMS (Content Management Systems). It has got full support and enthusiasm from the public. In this version, Joomla has got APIs as well, which helped it to become international CMS. This is the version of Joomla, which has got long term support from the public. Joomla 1.5 was officially ended in April 2012 with the release of Joomla 3.0. The last version of Joomla 1.5v was 1.5.26, which was released on 27th March 2012.
Joomla 1.7.0: This version of Joomla was released in July 2011. This version added some new and important features related to the security and improved migration tools. Features added in this version were very quite important from the user perspective.
2. Joomla 2.x SeriesJoomla’s 2.x version was released in 2012 and was one of the major revisions announced after the version 1.x release.
It has got some necessary improvements like:
Making new APIs making it easier for the users to use the application.
One of the major features of multi-language was added in this release.
Bug fixes like registration form on the login page, display of currencies, light box for product images, etc.
SSL features for different pages like login, register, title, etc., were added.
Image resizing and adding new events for plugins were added.
This version of Joomla is an LTS (Long Term Support) release.
3. Joomla 3.x SeriesThis version focuses on some of the important features like:
The more intuitive backend of the website.
Mobile-friendly websites for the users.
Fixing some major bugs of the 2.x release.
After six months of the release of Joomla 3.0, Joomla 3.1 was released for the users. It included one of the important features of tagging for the users. With the release of Joomla 3.2 and 3.3, which released in November 2013 and April 2014, respectively, it became one of the most popular versions of Joomla making. Other versions obsolete as it helps in the ease of access of websites for the users.
Some features given below were introduced in this version of Joomla:
Ease of navigation in the website.
Editing the content of the website.
A search was added for the various website pages.
Checking the products in stock before ordering.
Ability to unlock an unfinished item on the website.
4. Joomla 4.x SeriesWith all the chaos that happened in the Joomla 3.x series, the team decided to develop a stable build to improve the relationship between the members. After long discussions on the current situations and the changes that needed to be done, the team was more productive and made many changes in the project.
Some of the features that were added in this release were:
Focused on the usability of the backend interface of Joomla 4.
Support for PHP5 was removed.
Support for SQL server has been removed.
The team members made a new strategy for the development.
Active engagement of team member in testing rather than criticizing the previous releases.
Admin code refactoring was done, along with some major bug fixes.
Conclusion – Joomla VersionThe above description clearly explains the full version history of Joomla. It is one of the most popular and widely used systems for content management and designing of software. It is used worldwide and is considered one of the most reliable, easy to use and secure applications to use. It has got wide support and a lot of enthusiasm from the people in such a short period of time.
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Different Steps Of Coreldraw Fonts
Introduction to CorelDRAW fonts
In this article, we are going to learn how to use CorelDRAW fonts. We will be using Corel Font Manager, which is installed with the CorelDRAW graphics suite. It is available on both Windows and Mac platforms, and it also works in the same way. Corel Font Manager is an application that works with CorelDRAW and photo paint to search, filter, and organize fonts and includes various font-related features. It helps to keep the workflow streamlined with its font management features. It is one place for all the fonts and no more sorting through thousands of fonts to find the one you need.
Steps of CorelDRAW fontsThe following steps are mention below:
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Step #1First, let’s see how the font list can also be accessed from the main CorelDraw application while using the text tool in the property bar. The current count of the font is shown. Some fonts are from windows, and the remaining are from the watched folders.
Step #2 Step #3There is an option to even filter the fonts according to different criteria
Step #4 Step #5After opening, we can see the number of fonts at the bottom, which matches the font list in Corel draw. But when we use this standalone application, we get much more information about the font themselves.
Step #6Enable the show font properties from the toolbar, which will give us more information about the fonts.
Step #7By default, you will get the glyph preview when you select any font in the preview pane. We will look at glyph later in detail.
Step #8 Step #9There is an option at the bottom to adjust the font preview size and adjust the size of the glyphs.
Step #10The green bar on the right indicates that the fonts are installed.
Step #11Protected System Font is also shown by a green bar but with a lock icon.
Step #12Fonts which are available in CorelDraw only and are not installed are shown with a yellow bar.
Step #13Filters can be applied if you want to see a specific type of fonts from the libraries pane.
Step #14 Step #15 Step #16If the header of the font is Gray in color, then the family contains both installed and non installed fonts.
Step #17 Step #18 Step #19 Step #20You can enter sample text to see how the font looks than the rather default font name. Clearing the sample text field will give the default font name preview.
Step #21A specific font name can also be searched from the search field.
Step #22The letters on the side indicate the type of font. T indicates true type font, and O indicated open type font.
Step #23When a font is selected, we get the glyph preview on the properties panel, and there are various filters. The filters are divided into categories like common, scripts, OpenType if the font is of that type.
Step #24In the library panel, some folders contain fonts. If you want to add a folder, you can browse to the folder to add those fonts.
Step #25As we can see, we have added a folder with the fonts using either the file menu or from the toolbar.
Step #26 Step #27 Step #28 Step #29Then let’s add a collection from the toolbar or the file menu. We have added a collection called scripts.
Step #30 Step #31 Step #32Then there are various filters for the fonts, which include font status, embedding rights, font technology, weight, width, style, character range, and OpenType
Step #33Then there is some user interface customization from the settings icon on the top right, like changing the theme from light, medium, dark, black. Also, the windows border color can be tweaked. The size of the window can be changed to scale according to the display.
Step #34Back in the main CorelDraw application, we can find the folder we have created and the script collection.
ConclusionIn this article, we have seen how Corel font manager works in the CorelDRAW graphics suite ecosystem. We have seen how to manage fonts and organize them to understand the system fonts and the installed fonts, and the fonts that are only available in the CorelDRAW application. Apart from that, we have looked at filters, collections, and glyph.
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Complete Guide On Zbrush Zremesher
Introduction to ZBrush ZRemesher
Zbrush ZRemesher can understand as arranging as well as calculating polygons for doing retopology of the visible portions of the chosen sub tool in this software. With ZRemesher, one can do retopology very quickly instead of doing it manually. Retopology is necessary for having a good number of polygons on the sub tool so that it can easily animate during the animation process. In Zbrush, we also have a ZRemesher brush that helps us locate sub-tool portions according to which we want to do retopology with the ZRemesher option.
How to Use ZRemesher?We use ZRemesher to minimize polygons on the selected sub tool of our model. So how you can use ZRemesher, let us have a model. We will go to the Light box of this software and choose this Female head from the list. You can use your own model for learning about this topic.
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Now we will go to the transform menu of the menu bar, which is at the top of the working screen, and enable the Polyframe option so that we can see polygons on our selected sub tool, or you can press the Shift + F button of the keyboard as its short cut key.
If we increase the DynaMesh value from the Dynamesh option of the Geometry panel for this model, you can see there are lots of polygons that are not good for animation purposes.
Before you start working with ZRemesher, make a duplicate copy of your subtool because ZRemesher will change the retopology of your sub tool completely but maintain shapes as much as possible.
By default, its value is 5, but you can decrease it as per your requirement. Such as we will take its value as 1 by entering 1 in this option.
And you will have less polygons with the same shape.
Methods of ZRemesherUsing ZRemesher, you can go with some methods; the first one is you can go with symmetry mode, which gives you symmetrical polygons on your selected sub tool. So if your sub tool has symmetry, then make sure you have symmetry mode is on. So, for example, we had taken this sub tool through the ZRemesher process when my symmetry mode was on, and you can see there are equal polygons on both sides of the face.
And the next method is non-symmetry mode so that we will press the X button on the keyboard.
And now, when you press the ZRemesher button of the ZRemesher panel, then you can see it will give you a result that has no symmetry for your sub tool. So you can use it with a non-symmetrical sub tool.
The other method which you can use for not disturbing your desired area. So for that, we make poly groups of our desired area. You can make more than two poly groups of your model, and for making poly groups, we will on Mask brush by holding the Ctrl button of the keyboard.
And we will mask this mouth area.
And press the Ctrl + W button of the keyboard to make this masked area a poly group.
Now enable the “KeepGroups” option of the ZRemesher panel.
And you can see after retopology; it maintains the edges of the mouth very accurately.
If you want, you can press the ZRemesher button again to have smooth polygons.
There is a ZRemesher brush also in the brushes panel, and you can use it for the same purpose as we use Mask brush. With ZRemesher brush, we can specify the area to ZRemesher option for having accurate results.
Now just move the cursor of the mouse around the area which you want to mark. For example, we will mark this eye area. My symmetry mode is On, so it will automatically mark the opposite eye.
You can use any of the methods according to your requirement for having your desired result. You just have to maintain parameters accurately.
Conclusion – ZBrush ZRemesherWe have good information about the ZRemesher option of this software, and now we have an understanding about almost every aspect of this option. You can also use ZRemesher brushes for smooth retopology of the visible sub tool of your model. Now we will suggest you start practicing this method to have more and more command on it.
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