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Definition of JavaScript Stack

JavaScript stack can be implemented easily by using the array data structure available in it. A stack is a basic data structure that allows us to store the data and retrieve it in Last In First Out (LIFO) or First In Last Out (FILO) order. This means the data which is inserted first into the stack can be removed at last or the data which is inserted at the last can be removed first. The data access to the stack is only accessible from one end of it. JavaScript stack will have two main methods, one is to insert the element into the stack and the second is to remove the element from the stack.

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Methods to Implement Javascript Stack 1. Push

This method will insert the element into the stack. The element will be inserted on the top of the stack. As shown in the figure, the stack grows from one side of it. The top represents the value to which is stack is pointing currently. After every push operation, the top will be incremented by one. The top is also known as a stack pointer. When the stack is empty i.e. no elements are present in it the top will point to -1 in our case.

Code:

JavaScript Stack .body-data { border : #81D4FA 2px solid; background-color : #03a9f400; text-align : left; padding-left : 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; height : auto; width : auto; } .resultText { margin: 0 0 3px 0; padding: 0px; display: block;font-weight: bold; } .heading { font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; font-size: 15px; width: 98%; } class Stack { constructor () { this.stack = []; this.top = -1; } push (value) { this.top++; console.log( “Inserting Element: ” + value ); this.stack[ chúng tôi ] = value; } printElements(id) { let elements = “”; for(vari=0;i<=this.top;i++){ elements += this.stack[i] + ” “; } document.getElementById(id).innerHTML += elements; } } let myStack = new Stack(); myStack.push( 5 ); myStack.push( 10 ); myStack.push( 12);myStack.push( 20 ); myStack.push( 35 ); myStack.printElements(“result1”);

Here, We have declared on class for implementing a stack. There are two main variables defined in the class, the stack is an array to store the data, and the top is to maintain the position of the last inserted element into the stack. One method is implemented to push the elements and another is implemented to display the stack elements.

Output: After push operations.

2. isEmpty()

This method will check if the stack is empty and will return true or false. When the stack does not contain any element then the Top will be pointing to -1 i.e., not any element. To check for the stack if it is empty, we can use this pointer. Whenever the Top will be pointing nowhere or to -1 then we can say the stack is empty. We will implement this method in the same way.

Code:

JavaScript Stack .body-data { border : #81D4FA 2px solid; background-color : #03a9f400; text-align : left; padding-left : 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; height : auto; width : auto; } .heading { font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; font-size: 15px; width: 98%; } class Stack { constructor () { this.stack = []; this.top = -1; } push (value) { this.top++; console.log( “Inserting Element: ” + value ); this.stack[ chúng tôi ] = value; } printElements(id) { let elements = “”; for(vari=0;i<=this.top;i++){ elements += this.stack[i] + ” “; } console.log( elements ); document.getElementById(id).innerHTML += elements; } isEmpty(){ return chúng tôi === -1; } } let myStack = new Stack(); myStack.push( 5 ); myStack.push( 10 ); myStack.push( 12); myStack.push( 20 ); myStack.push( 35 ); myStack.printElements(“result1”); document.getElementById(“result2”).innerHTML += myStack.isEmpty();

Output:

3. size

This method will return the size of the stack i.e. how many elements are present in the stack. As the Top variable holds the index at which the last element is stored, we can use this pointer to find out the size of the stack. As the indexing of array is from 0 we can add 1 to the Top and find out the size of the stack.

JavaScript Stack .body-data { border : #81D4FA 2px solid; background-color : #03a9f400; text-align : left; padding-left : 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; height : auto; width : auto; } .heading { font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; font-size: 15px; width: 98%; } class Stack { constructor () { this.stack = []; this.top = -1; } push (value) { this.top++; console.log( “Inserting Element: ” + value ); this.stack[ chúng tôi ] = value; } printElements(id) { let elements = “”; for(vari=0;i<=this.top;i++){ elements += this.stack[i] + ” “; } console.log( elements ); document.getElementById(id).innerHTML += elements; } isEmpty(){ return chúng tôi === -1; } size() { return chúng tôi + 1; } } let myStack = new Stack(); myStack.push( 5 ); myStack.push( 10 ); myStack.push( 12); myStack.push( 20 ); myStack.push( 35 ); myStack.printElements(“result1”); document.getElementById(“result2”).innerHTML += myStack.isEmpty(); document.getElementById(“result3”).innerHTML += myStack.size();

Output:

4. pop

This method will remove the element from the stack. The removed element will be the top element from the stack. As the Top is pointing to the last element, the pop() operation will remove the element at this position. The Top will be decremented by 1 and will point to the element below the previous element.

Code:

JavaScript Stack .body-data { border : #81D4FA 2px solid; background-color : #03a9f400; text-align : left; padding-left : 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; height : auto; width : auto; } .heading { font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; font-size: 15px; width: 98%; } class Stack { constructor () { this.stack = []; this.top = -1; } push (value) { this.top++; console.log( “Inserting Element: ” + value ); this.stack[ chúng tôi ] = value; } printElements(id) { let elements = “”; for(vari=0;i<=this.top;i++){ elements += this.stack[i] + ” “; } console.log( elements ); document.getElementById(id).innerHTML += elements; } isEmpty(){ return chúng tôi === -1; } size() { return chúng tôi + 1; } pop() { if(this.isEmpty()){ return “Stack is Empty”; } else { varval = this.stack[this.top]; this.top –; return val; } } } let myStack = new Stack(); myStack.push( 5 ); myStack.push( 10 ); myStack.push( 12); myStack.push( 20 ); myStack.push( 35 ); myStack.printElements(“result1”); document.getElementById(“result2”).innerHTML += myStack.pop(); myStack.printElements(“result3”);

Output:

5. peek

Code:

JavaScript Stack .body-data { border : #81D4FA 2px solid; background-color : #03a9f400; text-align : left; padding-left : 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; height : auto; width : auto; } .heading { font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; font-size: 15px; width: 98%; } class Stack { constructor () { this.stack = []; this.top = -1; } push (value) { this.top++; console.log( “Inserting Element: ” + value ); this.stack[ chúng tôi ] = value; } printElements(id) { let elements = “”; for(vari=0;i<=this.top;i++){ elements += this.stack[i] + ” “; } console.log( elements ); document.getElementById(id).innerHTML += elements; } isEmpty(){ return chúng tôi === -1; } size() { return chúng tôi + 1; } pop() { if(this.isEmpty()){ return “Stack is Empty”; } else { varval = this.stack[this.top]; this.top –; return val; } } peek() { if(this.isEmpty()){ return “Stack is Empty”; } else { varval = this.stack[this.top]; return val; } } } let myStack = new Stack(); myStack.push( 5 ); myStack.push( 10 ); myStack.push( 12); myStack.push( 20 ); myStack.push( 35 ); myStack.printElements(“result1”); document.getElementById(“result2”).innerHTML += myStack.peek(); myStack.printElements(“result3”);

Output:

6. clear

This method will clear all the elements in the stack. This method will reset the stack pointer i.e Top to -1 and all the elements from the stack will be cleared out. isEmpty() method should return true after this operation.

Code:

JavaScript Stack .body-data { border : #81D4FA 2px solid; background-color : #03a9f400; text-align : left; padding-left : 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; height : auto; width : auto; } .heading { font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; font-size: 15px; width: 98%; } class Stack { constructor () { this.stack = []; this.top = -1; } push (value) { this.top++; console.log( “Inserting Element: ” + value ); this.stack[ chúng tôi ] = value; } printElements(id) { let elements = “”; for(vari=0;i<=this.top;i++){ elements += this.stack[i] + ” “; } console.log( elements ); document.getElementById(id).innerHTML += elements; } clear() { this.top=-1; return “Stack Cleared”; } } let myStack = new Stack(); myStack.push( 5 ); myStack.push( 10 ); myStack.push( 12); myStack.push( 20 ); myStack.push( 35 ); myStack.printElements(“result1”); document.getElementById(“result2”).innerHTML += myStack.clear(); myStack.printElements(“result3”);

Output:

How To Print Object Array In Javascript?

In this tutorial, we will learn how to print object arrays in JavaScript.

What is an object array or an array of objects? An array of objects is used to store a fixed-size sequential collection of identical elements and store many values in one variable.

Next, we will see the options to print an array of objects in JavaScript.

Using the stringify() Method of the JSON Object

Users can follow the syntax below to use this.

Syntax JSON.stringify(v,r,s)

In the syntax above, the last two parameters are optional.

Parameters

v − This is the array of objects.

r − This is the replacer. It can change the output by altering or eliminating values. The method will print all values if the r value is null or unspecified. Either a function or an array is used as a replacer.

s − This is the spacing value for the output display. It is for readability purposes. Nothing, null, string, or 1-10 are the possible values of this parameter. If the value is less than 1, JSON print will not have space. If the value is greater than 10, 10 only is taken for indentation. If the value is a string, either the string or the first ten characters of the string are considered for spacing.

Example

Here in this code, we are taking an array of objects. JSON.stringify() is called directly with this value. Here, the indentation is 1. A condition is given to display the name key alone from the JSON object. This is the second parameter.

let

arr

[

{

name

“Orange”

value

}

{

name

“Grapes”

value

}

{

name

“Apple”

value

}

]

;

document

getElementById

(

“idPrint”

)

innerHTML

JSON

stringify

(

arr

null

)

;

Using console.table() Method

Here we will learn how the console.table() method works. This method strictly needs one input. The input is either an array or an object. The method also processes nested cases of both the array and the objects. The second parameter is the column, which is optional.

All browsers that use standard consoles support this method, and Internet Explorer does not support it.

Users can follow the syntax below to use this.

Syntax console.table(d, c)

In the syntax above, we need to give the array of objects as the first input.

Parameters

d − An array of objects.

c − Here, we need to specify the key names of the object. The specified key’s keyvalue pairs only will is displayed in the output.

Example

We are creating an array of objects in this example program using the new method. This data is given as the first parameter to the console.table() method.

Here, three objects are there in the input. But we have restricted to display of only two in the table format. The key names of the required objects are given as the second parameter. The console.log() method with the program title in the first parameter and the CSS values as the next parameters display the styled title in the following output.

Users need to open the console to see the output for the below example.

function

infoDisp

(

name

job

)

{

this

;

this

Name

name

;

this

Work

job

;

}

const

new

infoDisp

(

“John”

“Doctor”

)

;

const

new

infoDisp

(

“Grace”

“Homemaker”

)

;

const

new

infoDisp

(

“Eagan”

“Not working”

)

;

console

log

(

‘

cThe JavaScript program prints an array

objects using

cconsole

table

(

)

method

‘, ‘

font

–

weight

bold

;

font

–

size

;

color

000000

;

‘, ‘

font

–

weight

bold

;

font

–

style

italic

;

font

–

size

;

color

000000

;

‘

)

;

console

table

(

[

]

[

“Name”

“Work”

]

)

;

This tutorial helped us to learn about the two ways to print an object array. We use the console.dir() generally to verify the object array. To display the object array on the page, JSON.stringify() is used.

We can use the console if we need the table format of the object array.table() method. The only drawback is that some consoles do not support this method. Some console displays the column names in ascending order. That is, the actual object key order is lost.

In short, both methods are simple. Users have choice to choose any method according to their print requirements.

5 Ways To Implement Change In Your Startup

Throughout the life of your startup, you’ll be forced to implement new ideas to improve your culture, management, employee relations, and the overall success of the company. Especially as a manager or founder of a startup, you’re constantly faced with the challenge of maintaining innovation while simultaneously keeping your competitive edge.

Implementing change in the workplace is necessary for any company, regardless of its size. Whether it’s your goal to increase sales or improve employee relations, one of the most challenging tasks for managers is implementing a new direction for the startup and encouraging employees to get involved with the change.

Since many startups are small in size, the transition for change can definitely be influenced by your company’s culture, employees, and environment. This is why it’s very important for startup founders and managers to understand effective ways to implement change. If you’re preparing to introduce change into your company, here are five ways to help you meet your goals:

1. Create the motivation for change.

This is the first step to take when implementing change in your startup. Sparking the need for change in the workplace isn’t always the easiest task for managers, especially if it’s a change with a large impact (such as changing a company procedure or increasing sales goals). You can initiate the motivation for change through emphasizing the goal you have for your startup and giving your employees time to think about that goal. This way, your employees will have time to allow your ideas to sink in and they can approach you with any questions or concerns that arise.

2. Establish the urgency for change.

Sometimes, implementing change in your startup can be a scary process. However, to overcome this, it’s important to establish the urgency for change. You can create this urgency by encouraging your employees to step out of their comfort zones and approach your new direction as a positive challenge.

Tell your employees your old strategies are losing relevance for the company and you need to move forward with the latest trends present in your industry. To illustrate the urgency, share with employees what your competitors are doing and how the change will improve your bottom line. These approaches are a surefire way to get employees thinking about the goals you have for your startup.

3. Explain the benefits of change.

Before implementing the change, build enthusiasm for your goals by explaining the benefits to your employees. Will this change create opportunities for raises or promotions? Can employees benefit from a more flexible work schedule? Whatever change you are going to make, your employees are going to want to know how they will benefit from the decision. Whatever you do, make sure it is clear to your employees how they will benefit when your startup reaches its goals.

4. Ask for feedback from employees.

Remember, your employees are still human! To successfully implement change you must involve your employees with every step along the way. Make sure to request their feedback and listen to their ideas. By allowing your employees to provide feedback regarding new changes, there can be potential to discover ways to improve the initial change. Employees want to feel like they can make a difference for their company; by welcoming their feedback and ideas, you will be able to help the change transition more smoothly.

5. Set clear expectations.

Your employees can effectively adapt to change when they have measurable and tangible goals to work with. You should be able to relate the change to your employees and provide them with strategies to implement the change. As management, it’s your responsibility to measure your goals and determine the rewards. By setting clear expectations for your employees, you will be able to help your employees adapt to the change and meet your goals.

Whether you’re leading big or small change in the workplace, your employees contribute greatly to the change. Always consider their needs whenever making a decision that will impact your company. More often than not, change is usually necessary in the workplace. As the manager, it’s your responsibility to help your employees embrace your new ideas with a positive attitude.

How do you implement change in your startup? What strategies have worked best for you?

Explain Handler Method In Es6

ES6 is referred to as ECMAScript 6. ES6 is the sixth version of ECMAScript, which was released in 2023 and is sometimes known as ECMAScript 2023. ECMAScript was developed to standardize JavaScript. Further in this article, we are going to discuss Handler Methods in ES6 in detail.

Introduction to ES6

As we Know ES6 (ECMAScript 6) is introduced for the standardization of JavaScript. It is a programming language and in ES6 we don’t have to need to write a number of lines of code or we can say we have to write less and accomplish more. JavaScript follows the ES6 standard, which outlines all the requirements, specifics, and rules that must be included in a JavaScript implementation.

ES6 has several wonderful new features like Modules, template strings, class destruction, arrow functions, etc.

Handler Methods in ES6

In the above we have discussed the ES6, now we are going to discuss the Handler. Handler is an object and its properties are to function. Here function defines the behaviour of the proxy’s actions when a task is executed on it.

In practically every way, an empty handler will provide a proxy that behaves precisely like the destination. You can alter some parts of the behaviour of the proxy by defining any one of a predefined group of functions on the handler object. For instance, by specifying get(), you can offer a customized property accessor for the target.

Syntax of Handler

We have seen the basics of the handler methods of ES6, now let’s move to the syntax of the handler method −

new Proxy(target, handler)

Here we are using Proxy Constructor() which is used to create a proxy object and take two parameters i.e. Target and Handler. Here Target defines as the object that Proxy will wrap. Any kind of object, such as a native array, a function, or even another proxy, can be the object. And Handler is defined as the object whose properties are operations that specify how the proxy will act in response to a request.

Different types of Handler methods In ES6

There are many handler methods in ES6 (ECMAScript 6). Now we will be going to discuss some of them. Handler Methods are frequently referred to as traps because handler methods block calls to the underlying target object.

handler.apply()

Through a proxy, the result of a function call is nothing else just the value returned by this method which is why this function is also known as the trap for the function call.