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Introduction to PowerShell JoinThe join cmdlet is used to join multiple strings into a single string. The order in which the multiple strings are retained during the concatenation operation is the same order in which they are passed to the cmdlet. Join cmdlet is also used to covert text that is present in pipeline objects into a single string value. This article will explain in detail about join cmdlet in PowerShell, its syntax and usage along with appropriate examples.
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The basic syntax of the join operator is as follows
Where string1, string2 and string3 represent the various strings that needs to be merged. The delimiter represents the character that should be present between the strings that are concatenated. If no value is specified, the “” is used by PowerShell.
The following are the other available syntax
For the Join-String cmdlet, the default separator that is used by PowerShell is $OFS if the user doesn’t specify any value. If a property name is specified, then that property’s value can be converted to a string and subsequently concatenated to a string. A script block can also be used in place of a property name. If that is done, then the script block’s result is converted to a string before concatenation. This cmdlet is the latest and was released as part of PowerShell version 6.2
When the comma has used a delimiter with the join operator, the join operator is given a higher priority. In that case, only the first string is considered, in order to avoid that the strings must be enclosed in parentheses.
Example:
Input:
Output:
onetwothreefourfive
Parameters:
DoubleQuote:
This parameter is used to encapsulate each pipeline objects string value inside double quotes. The datatype of this parameter is switch and its default value is false. This parameter doesn’t accept pipeline input and wildcard characters are also not accepted.
FormatString:
This denotes the format structure of the item. The datatype of this parameter is string. None is the default value of this parameter. This parameter doesn’t accept pipeline input and wildcard characters are also not accepted. This is an optional parameter.
InputObject:
This denotes the input texts that are to be joined. It can either be a variable or a command object. The datatype of this parameter is PSObject[]. This parameter’s default value is none. This parameter accepts pipeline input whereas wildcard characters are not allowed. This is an optional parameter.
OutputPrefix:
This denotes the text that will be inserted before the result. It can contain special characters such as newline or a tab. The datatype of this parameter is string. It can be referred using its alias, op. None is the default value of this parameter. This parameter doesn’t accept pipeline input and wildcard characters are also not accepted. This is an optional parameter.
OutputSuffix:
This denotes the text that will be inserted after the result. . It can contain special characters such as newline or a tab. The datatype of this parameter is string. It can be referred using its alias, os. None is the default value of this parameter. This parameter doesn’t accept pipeline input and wildcard characters are also not accepted. This is an optional parameter.
Property:
Separator:
This denotes the character that needs to be inserted between the text that are joined from the pipeline object. It is generally a comma(,) or a semicolon (; ). It is placed at the number one position. None is its default value. Both pipeline input and wild card characters aren’t accepted. This is a mandatory parameter.
SingleQuote:
This parameter is used to wrap the output string value from pipeline object inside single quote. Its datatype is switch. None is its default value. Both pipeline input and wild card characters aren’t accepted. This is an optional parameter.
UseCulture:
This uses the current culture’s separator as the value of the item delimiter. To find this information, Get-Culture).TextInfo.ListSeparator is used. The datatype of this parameter is switch. None is its default value. Both pipeline input and wild card characters aren’t accepted. This is an optional parameter.
Example:
$stringa,$stringb -join “`n”
Output:
Conclusion Recommended ArticlesThis is a guide to PowerShell join. Here we discuss how can PowerShell join achieved using various methods and also explained the various parameters. You may also look at the following article to learn more –
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Why Do We Need To Learn Powershell?
PowerShell Tutorial
Suppose you know a little bit about Linux, which provides a very rich command interface. Because of Linux rich command, Linux was a preferred platform for software development. On the other hand, windows was mostly used for UI-based uses for non-development purposes. So finally, to control all these issues, Microsoft released PowerShell version 1 for the first time in 2006. The main goal of PowerShell was to provide command rich interface to developers where developers will be able to write scripts and automate various jobs. So initially, they developed PowerShell for Windows only, but after version 6, it started supporting macOS and Linux as well.
Why do we need to learn PowerShell?In Windows, it has DOS cmd, But if we need to do complex scripting and if we need to write any heavy scripts jobs, then the existing cmd is not good enough. PowerShell allows developers on Windows to write a script with controlling one computer to multiple remote computers at once. DOS is just a shell where PowerShell is a powerful scripting language that is completely based on .NET and is mostly used by my administrator to handle Networks and servers. On Windows, if you use DOS as cmd, you will be only checking ipconfig and some basic things, whereas by learning PowerShell, you will be a complete programmer. Because of its rich commands and object-based approach, it is a powerful tool for scripting.
Below are some points why we should learn PowerShell.
Consistency: The biggest benefit of PowerShell of the current version is that it is available for all Operating systems. So, for example, if you are developing the script on a computer X and after successfully testing your script on your computer X, you can share your script with another person who is going to run your script on his computer Y, which will work perfectly from the version 6 because PowerShell is available for all OS, ie. Windows, Linux, and macOS. So a script will work on different architecture as well. Other than Architecture, PowerShell also provides automation to administration tasks with better performance .
Interactive and scripting environments: The Powershell of Windows Prompt gives us a very interactive tool to access the command-line interface for scripting.
Object orientation: As it is totally written over the .NET, it will give us a complete Object-based approach to implementing it. So we are not just writing a command. It allows us to explore more.
Applications of PowerShellIt will be very useful for administrative management with PowerShell admin to delete, add and update users. We transfer heavy files from one computer to another to multiple network computers at once. If Admin has some task that he will run repetitively, then the Admin can use PowerShell to create a script and put it into job cycles where it will run at given intervals.
ExampleSuppose, In PowerShell, we want to see the process with name “nginx” and “node.”
PrerequisitesYou can install Powershell by MSI, and you should only need to learn the basics of programming like, if, for loops and variables and it’s an available rich set of commands. Even if you do not know much programming you can directly start with PowerShell.
Target AudienceDevelopers: A developer can have requirements to develop a tool where he may change his data for a running application regularly. For example, on any e-commerce website, we want to show the best-selling products. So the developer will write a script that will fetch data daily and update top-selling product details so that top-selling products will be visible to end customers.
Administrator: The administrator can write a script for automation of updating, deleting, and performing certain tasks on all the users regularly to avoid repetition of the same tasks.
How To Create Epic In Jira Using Various Methods?
Introduction to Jira Epic
The Jira Epic is nothing but a big user story or task or issue or requirement of the software application that can be divided into multiple sub tasks or smaller user story based on the customer needs in Jira. The epic contains the stories, bugs and tasks as a small/single piece of work where as the epic indicates the group of pieces of work. It is also a high level work hierarchy which includes multiple teams with multiple sprints and organize the work flow inside the software application development.
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How do Jira Epic works?The working principle of the jira epic consists of following stages.
Creating of an Epic
Add stories to an Epic
Remove stories from an Epic
Viewing of all your Epics
Ending or Completing your Epic
How to Create Epic in Jira using various Methods?There are mainly two methods to create an epic in Jira tool.
Create an Epic from New Issue Tab
Create an Epic from the Epics Panel Link
1. Create an Epic from New Issue TabThere are following steps that are involved to create an epic from the new issue tab i.e. “Create” icon.
Step 2: To fill the Project Name, Issue type as Epic, Epic Name, and Summary for Epic.
2. Create an Epic from the Epics Panel LinkThere are following steps involved to create an epic from the Epics Panel Link on the dashboard.
How to View an Epic in Jira?We can view all the epics or related issues in Jira by using following ways:
In list of Epics: The Epics link provides/display the all epics related to your software application development.
Various Epic Operation in JiraThere are some extra epic operations involved in Jira tool.
For removing an issue from the epic, we go to the “Backlog” tab and drag & drop the selected issue to the “issues without epics” tab.
2. Viewing the Summary of an Epic: Here we can check details regarding the particular epic in terms of project name, sprint name, start date, end date and any sub task related to it. The completion of the sub task is must for the completion of Epic.
3. Monitoring the Status of an Epic: It helps to monitoring the progress of work in terms of tracking incomplete tasks and work flow of the team.
4. Complete your Epic: When all related task of the epic will complete then we change the status of this particular epic to in “DONE” state. It indicates that the epic will completed or ended. For that operation epic which you want to be completed, put status as “DONE”. Then the epic will completed.
ConclusionIn this above article, we briefly discuss the Epics in Jira tool and how it helps to our software application development. It also describes how we can create, operate, view and end the epic through various procedures in Jira tool. The epic having multiple stories with multiple sprints depending upon the customer needs having a distinct starting and ending period. It is an important parameter to develop the software application and the Jira tool properly handled it.
Recommended Articles
This is a guide to Jira Epic. Here we discuss the introduction, how do jira epic works? how to create epic in jira using various methods? how to view an epic in jira? and various epic operation in jira. You may also have a look at the following articles to learn more –
Learn The Latest Versions Of Pyspark
Introduction to PySpark version
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Versions of PySparkMany versions of PySpark have been released and are available to use for the general public. Some of the latest Spark versions supporting the Python language and having the major changes are given below :
1. Spark Release 2.3.0This is the fourth major release of the 2.x version of Apache Spark. This release includes a number of PySpark performance enhancements including the updates in DataSource and Data Streaming APIs.
Improvements were made regarding the performance and interoperability of python by vectorized execution and fast data serialization.
A new Spark History Server was added in order to provide better scalability for the large applications.
register* for UDFs in SQLContext and Catalog was deprecated in PySpark.
Python na.fill() function now also accepts boolean values and replaces the null values with booleans (in previous versions PySpark ignores it and returns the original DataFrame).
In order to respect session timezone, timestamp behavior was changed for the Panda related functionalities.
From this release, Pandas 0.19.2 or upper version is required for the user to use Panda related functionalities.
Many documentation changes and the test scripts were revised in this release for the Python language.
2. Spark Release 2.4.7This was basically the maintenance release including the bug fixes while maintaining the stability and security of the ongoing software system. Not any specific and major feature was introduced related to the Python API of PySpark in this release. Some of the notable changes that were made in this release are given below:
Now loading of the job UI page takes only 40 sec.
Python Scripts were changes that were failing in certain environments in previous releases.
Now users can compare two dataframes with the same schema (Except for the nullable property).
In the release DockerFile, R language version is upgraded to 4.0.2
Support for the R less than 3.5 version is dropped.
Exception messages at various places were improved.
Error messages were locked when failing in interpreter mode.
Many changes were made in the documentation for the inconsistent AWS variables.
3. Spark Release 3.0.0This is the first release of 3.x version. It brings many new ideas from the 2.x release and continues the same ongoing project in development. It was officially released in June 2023. The top component in this release is SparkSQL as more than 45% of the tickets were resolved on SparkSQL. It benefits all the high level APIs and high level libraries including the DataFrames and SQL. At this stage, Python is the most widely used language on Apache Spark. Millions of users downloaded Apache Spark with the Python language only. Major changes and the features that were introduced in this release are given below:
In this release functionality and usability is improved including the redesign of Pandas UDF APIs.
Various Pythonic error handling were done.
Python 2 support was deprecated in this release.
PySpark SQL exceptions were made more pythonic in this release.
Various changes in the test coverage and documentation of Python UDFs were made.
For K85 Python Bindings, Python 3 was made as the default language.
Validation sets were added to fit with Gradient Boosted trees in Python.
Parity was maintained in the ML function between Python and Scala programming language.
Various exceptions in the Python UDFs were improved as complaints by the Python users.
Now a multiclass logistic regression in PySpark correctly returns a LogisticRegressionSummary from this release.
4. Spark Release 3.0.1
Double catching was fixed in KMeans and BiKMeans.
Apache Arrow 1.0.0 was supported in SparkR.
For the overflow conditions, silent changes were made for timestamp parsing.
Revisiting keywords based on ANSI SQL standard was done.
Regression was done in handling the NaN values in Sql COUNT.
Changes were made for the Spark producing incorrect results in group by clause.
Grouping problems were resolved as per the case sensitivity in panda UDFs.
MLlibs acceleration docs were improved in this release.
Issues related to the LEFT JOIN found in the regression of 3.0.0 producing unexpected results were resolved.
5. Spark Release 3.1.1
Spark Release 3.1.1 would now be considered as the new official release of Apache Spark including the bug fixes and new features introduced in it. Though it was planned to be released in early January 2023, there is no official documentation of it available on its official site as of now.
ConclusionAbove description clearly explains the various versions of PySpark. Apache Spark is used widely in the IT industry. Python is a high level, general purpose and one of the most widely used languages. In order to implement the key features of Python in Spark framework and to use the building blocks of Spark with Python language, Python Spark (PySpark) is a precious gift of Apache Spark for the IT industry.
Recommended ArticlesThis is a guide to PySpark version. Here we discuss Some of the latest Spark versions supporting the Python language and having the major changes. You may also have a look at the following articles to learn more –
Learn The Example Of Opencv Puttext
Introduction to OpenCV putText()
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It is also needed that the starting point for the text has to be defined within the matrix. there is also a requirement for defining the font color for the text, the font style for the text, and the weight that the text has two be specified with. The function is present in the OpenCV library of Python programming language, which is a one-stop solution that has been designed in order to solve problems related to computer vision.
Syntax for OpenCV putText()
cv2.put Text (* image *, text *, org *, font *, fontScale *, color [*, thickness [,line Type [*,* bottom Left Origin *] *] *] *) * Parameters for OpenCV put text functionThe following parameters are accepted by the OpenCV putText() function:
Parameters Description of the parameters:
image this parameter represents the original image that the user has selected to add text by the system
text This parameter represents the text that has to be drawn by the system as specified by the user
org This parameter is used to represent the coordinate with respect to the text present on the bottom left corner of the image. These coordinates are represented with the help of 2 double values that are passed, which represent the X coordinate and the Y coordinate values, respectively
font This parameter is used to represent the type or style of font, which would be denoted for the string text that the user specifies. some instances for the kinds of font types that can be used are FONT * _ * HERSHEY * _ * PLAIN OR FONT * _ * HERSHEY * _ * SIMPLEX
font * scale This parameter represents the best size for the specified font size, which is relevant to the font scale factor, which acts as a multiplying factor further font size of the text that has to be entered
thickness this parameter represents the thickness that has to be given for the line of text that has to be entered by the user. it is measured in terms of pixel size
color this parameter represents the specific color that has to be given to the text string that is being entered into the image that is being drawn on the screen. The color is extracted from the BGR tuple, which is passed to it. for instance, for a text of blue color the tuple to be passed would be * (* 255 *, * 0 *, * 0) *
Line * Type This parameter is used to define the type of line used for the text, which has to be entered into the image. This parameter is an optional parameter.
Bottom * Left * Origin this parameter is used for defining the position for the image data origin with respect to the directional position in the image. this parameter is an optional parameter. If the parameter is taken as true, the image data origin is found to be placed at the bottom left corner of the image. If it is not true, the image data origin is placed at the top left corner of the image.
Return * Value This method is responsible for returning an output image that is to be loaded from the file which has been specified.
Example of OpenCV putText()Following is the example which is used in order to demonstrate how the OpenCV putText() command is utilized in the Python programming language
# command used to import the OpenCV library to utilize OpenCV read image function import cv2 # path being defined from where the system will read the image path = r'C:Users Priyanka Desktop educba OpenCV edu cba logo.png' # command used for reading an image from the disk disk, cv2.imread function is used image1 = cv2.imread(path) # Window name being specified where the image will be displayed window_name1 = 'image' # font for the text being specified font1 = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX # org for the text being specified org1 = (50, 50) # font scale for the text being specified fontScale1 = 1 # Blue color for the text being specified from BGR color1 = ( 255 , 0 , 0 ) # Line thickness for the text being specified at 2 px thickness1 = 2 # Using the cv2.putText() method for inserting text in the image of the specified path image_1 = cv2.putText(image1, 'EDU CBA', org1, font1, fontScale1, color1, thickness1, cv2.LINE_AA) # Displaying the output image cv2.imshow(window_name, image_1) cv2.waitKey(0) cv2.destroyAllWindows() ConclusionThe OpenCV putText() method is a very useful function present in the OpenCV library, which allows the system to add text to an image that the user has provided. There are several image processing areas where text needs to be associated with the images that are being processed, and there needs to be a variety in the color, font style, width, and orientation in terms of the position whether the text has to be placed on the image which can easily be utilized by using the put text method. It also reduces the verbosity of the program that is being written and increases the overall processing speed for the program to be executed.
Recommended ArticlesWe hope that this EDUCBA information on “OpenCV putText” was beneficial to you. You can view EDUCBA’s recommended articles for more information.
Learn The Syntax Of Javascript Tofixed
Introduction to JavaScript tofixed
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In this article, we will study how we can maintain the uniformity in representing the decimal valued numbers representation up to specific precision according to our need using the toFixed() method of javascript. Let us first study the syntax of this method.
Syntax of JavaScript tofixedBelow is the syntax mentioned:
retrievedNumber = numObj.toFixed([digits]) 1. digitsIt represents the number of digits you want to maintain after decimal point while displaying and manipulating the numeric object. It can be any value between 0 to 20. If not mentioned then by default it is considered as zero and the resultant numeric object will be an integral number.
2. retrievedNumberIt is the return value of this method which is the string representation of the passed numeric object following the fixed-point notation.
3. ExceptionsThe toFixed() method may throw two exceptions which are range error and type error. Range error is caused when the number object we are using to call toFixed() method is either too large or too small. While the type error occurs when the used numeric object is not in the number format such as alphanumeric string or some symbolic values or special characters.
ToFixed() method generally returns the string representation of the passed numeric object containing the same number of digits passed as a parameter to it in the non-exponential format. The resultant value is rounded if necessary and extra zeroes are padded if necessary to return the number with specific digits. When the absolute value of the numeric object used to call toFixed() method exceeds the 1e+21, then javascript automatically calls Number.prototype.toString() method to convert the final string in exponential format.
How to Use tofixed in JavaScript?Code:
function toFixedWorking() { let numObj = 89898.56497 let result1 = numObj.toFixed() document.getElementById(“demo1”).innerHTML = “Default working will give you an integer : “ + result1; let result2 = numObj.toFixed(2) document.getElementById(“demo2”).innerHTML = “When specified it will return number with digits after decimal as specified : ” + result2; let result3 = numObj.toFixed(6) document.getElementById(“demo3”).innerHTML = “When more than present digits are specified extra zeroes are padded at the end : ” + result3; let result4 = (0.98e+20).toFixed(2) document.getElementById(“demo4”).innerHTML = “When exponential value is mentioned and used : ” + result4; let result5 = (2.21e-10).toFixed(2) document.getElementById(“demo5”).innerHTML = “When negative exponential (very amal number is used) : ” + result5; let result6 = 98.6.toFixed(1) document.getElementById(“demo6”).innerHTML = “when literal(direct number) used instead of object : ” + result6; let result7 = 9.65.toFixed(1) document.getElementById(“demo7”).innerHTML = “When value less than present digits after decimal point is specified : ” + result7; let result8 = 9.25.toFixed(6) document.getElementById(“demo8”).innerHTML = “When value greater than present digits after decimal point is specified : ” + result8; let result9 = -98.652.toFixed(1) document.getElementById(“demo9”).innerHTML = “When negative number is used to call the method and value less than preesent digits after decimal point is specified : ” + result9; let result10 = (-5.5).toFixed(1) document.getElementById(“demo10”).innerHTML = “When negative number is used to call the method and value greater than preesent digits after decimal point is specified : ” +result10; }
Difference between toFixed() and toPrecision() methodsThe toFixed() method when used without any parameter returns the integral value that means number before the decimal point while toPrecision() method when used without specifying the parameter returns the value of the number up to which it has considerable decimal value. When we specify the parameter value less than the number of the digits present in the number the toFixed()method returns the number of the digits after decimal as specified in the parameter while the toPrecision() method returns the whole number in the digits specified in the parameter. That means the counting for the digits of the parameter starts after the decimal point in case of a toFixed() method while for the toPrecision() method starts from the first digit of the number before the decimal point. The same case happens when we have to add extra zeroes while padding when a specified parameter is greater than the digits after the decimal point.
Code:
function myFunction() { var sampleNumber = 9.54684; var defaultVal = sampleNumber.toFixed(); document.getElementById(“demo1”).innerHTML = defaultVal; var fixedVal = sampleNumber.toFixed(2); document.getElementById(“demo2”).innerHTML = fixedVal; var fixedValGreater = sampleNumber.toFixed(10); document.getElementById(“demo3”).innerHTML = fixedValGreater; var defaultVal1 = sampleNumber.toPrecision(); document.getElementById(“demo4”).innerHTML = defaultVal1; var fixedVal1 = sampleNumber.toPrecision(2); document.getElementById(“demo5”).innerHTML = fixedVal1; var fixedValGreater1 = sampleNumber.toPrecision(10); document.getElementById(“demo6”).innerHTML = fixedValGreater1; }
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