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First, let’s understand float containment before starting this tutorial. So, Float containment is a technique used in the CSS to control the layout of the web page elements.

Whenever we set the ‘float’ property for any HTML element, it automatically gets removed from the original document flow of the web page, but it remains in the viewport. So, developers can face issues like the parent div element not expanding according to the dimensions of the child div element. Let’s understand it via the example below.

Example

In the example below, we have a ‘parent’ div element containing the text and ‘child’ div elements. Here, we haven’t set the width for the parent div element.

Furthermore, we have set the fixed dimensions for the child div element and added the ‘float: left’ CSS property to make it floatable on the left side. In the output, users can observe that the parent div is not expanded according to the child div element’s height as it is floating.

.parent { border: 2px dotted blue; width: 300px; margin: 5px; } .child { width: 50px; height: 50px; float: left; border: 4px solid green; background: yellow; }

To solve the above problem, we can use the below techniques.

Use the Contain Property of CSS

The ‘contain’ CSS property removes the particular element and its descendent elements from the document flow, making them independent. When we set the ‘float’ CSS property for any HTML element, it gets removed from the document. So, we can also remove the parent element from the document flow using the ‘contain’ CSS property to fix the layout of floating elements.

Syntax

Users should follow the syntax below to use the ‘contain’ CSS property.

parent { contain: content }

In the above syntax, the parent selector selects the parent element of the particular element for which we have set the ‘float’ CSS property.

Example

In the example below, we have taken the same code as it was in the first example. Here, we have added the ‘contain: content’ CSS property to the ‘parent’ div element.

In the output, users can observe that the child div is not overflowing anymore, and it’s perfectly set inside the parent div element.

.parent { border: 2px dotted pink; width: 300px; margin: 5px; contain: content; } .child { width: 50px; height: 50px; float: left; border: 4px solid blue; background: red; }

Use the Overflow Property of CSS

The ‘overflow’ property of CSS controls the overflow of a particular HTML element. When we set the ‘auto’ value to the ‘overflow’ property, it makes an HTML element scrollable when the content of the element starts overflowing.

Syntax

Users can follow the syntax below to use the ‘overflow: auto’ CSS property as a float containment.

selector { overflow: auto; } Example

In the example below, we have created the ‘card’ div, containing the ‘text’ and ‘image’ div elements. We have set the ‘float: left’ for the image div element and ‘overflow: auto’ for the ‘card’ element.

In the output, users can observe that image fits perfectly in the card element. If we remove the ‘overflow’ property, it overflows from the div element.

.card { border: 2px dotted pink; width: 300px; margin: 5px; overflow: auto; } .image {float: left;}

Use the Grid Layout Module

We can use the ‘display: grid’ CSS property in CSS to create a grid layout on web pages. Here, we can set the ‘float’ CSS property for some HTML content. After that, we can use the ‘display: grid’ and ‘grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr’ CSS properties to create two columns.

Basically, it sets the floating element in the grid layout, which helps developers fix the webpage layout.

Syntax

Users can follow the syntax below to use the ‘display: grid’ to set floating elements.

.container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }

In the above syntax, users can create multiple columns by changing the value of the ‘grid-template-columns’ CSS property.

Example

In the example below, the ‘container’ div element contains the ‘float-left’ and ‘float-right’ div elements. We have set the ‘float’ property value for the div element according to their class names.

We have used the ‘display: grid’ CSS property for the ‘container’ div element. In the output, users can observe how both div elements are set up in the container. One is on the left side, and another is on the right side.

.container { width: 400px; height: 100px; display: grid; border: 3px solid green; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; font-size: 2rem; } .float-left {float: left;} .float-right {float: right;}

Users learned the various float containment techniques in this tutorial. In the first technique, we used the ‘contain’ CSS property. In the second technique, we used the ‘overflow’ property; in the third technique, we used the ‘display: grid’ CSS property.

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Css Support Is Poor In Rss Feed Readers

Once upon a time, different Web browsers supported different forms of HTML markup or “tags.” It was difficult or impossible to make a Web site look good in different browsers.

Beginning a few years ago, fortunately, browsers started adopting some common markup styles, loosely known as “Web standards.” Web sites now look roughly the same in different browsers. Users said, “Yea, verily, it is good.”

The same painful evolution now seems to affect “feed readers,” which aggregate content published online via RSS (Really Simple Syndication). RSS readers currently render the old form of HTML tags fairly well. But these readers have almost no support for cascading style sheets (CSS), known more familiarly as “styles.” My test results of the largest feed readers are shown in Table 1, below.

It’s not really news that RSS readers don’t yet support styles. Until a few months ago, the most popular feed readers didn’t even support such basic HTML elements as “tables.” This prevented RSS content from including readable rows and columns of financial figures and the like.

But now that support for elementary HTML has been achieved by RSS readers, it’s time to ask what’s keeping the companies behind these readers from taking the next step and adding style support. To find the answer, I attended Gnomedex 6.0, the annual gathering place for RSS aggregators and bloggers, to pin down the biggest reader makers.

Why Styles Make Content More Readable

If you don’t personally write much HTML code, it might not be clear to you why support for styles is important.

In a nutshell, authors of Web content can always insert old HTML tags like to make words bold and to make them italic. But helping Web surfers understand more complex content requires more detailed styles — various sizes of headlines, captions that position themselves next to images, and so forth.

It’s a lot easier for publishers of Web content to define these relationships just once by including a “stylesheet.” Each style can then be efficiently invoked when needed without hard-coding all of the details every time there’s a caption or whatever.

CSS Level 1, the simplest form of styles, was standardized in December 1996. By 2000, such browsers as Microsoft’s Internet Explorer 5 and others had almost completely implemented it.

Six years later, most RSS readers still lack support for CSS Level 1. But it wouldn’t take much cooperation from aggregator makers to get Web-standard styles to work in RSS. According to the Pheed Read Spring 2006 Report (PDF version) by the blogging service Pheedo.info, only four aggregators are responsible for downloading 76 percent of RSS feeds. These are Bloglines, MyYahoo, Firefox (and other Mozilla-based products), and NewsGator Online (and its Mac software, NetNewsWire).

As shown in Table 1, neither Bloglines nor NewsGator Online currently support any styles. This is true whether the CSS is defined in a single block within the body of the feed (“embedded styles”) or once upon each use (“inline styles”).

Each aggregator also has its own inexplicable quirks. Bloglines insists on imposing a grey background on every other news item in a feed. This creates distracting visual conflicts for some content that looks fine on the publishers’ own Web sites. NewsGator Online, for its part, forces hyperlinks to be smaller than normal text, and turns them a garish red color when hovered over.

NewsGator Strips Out All Styles Except Its Own

In an interview at Gnomedex, NewsGator CEO Greg Reinacker confirmed, “Styles we do strip out on purpose. Using purely styles, you can write something that would completely cover the screen. … If you use a table in the old [HTML] format, we leave that in, but if you do it with inline styles, we strip it out.”

It’s well-known that some CSS code can download programs or otherwise play havoc with a user’s monitor. But there would be little danger in supporting harmless CSS styles like “background-color,” in case a blog publisher wished to, for example, use a yellow-highlighter effect on some text.

“We err on the side of being heavy-handed,” Reinacker said. “If you start changing fonts, people may get a font that is unreadable on a TV screen.” Nonetheless, NewsGator Online does support the old HTML “font” tag that allows publishers to specify fonts. NewsGator strips out only the newer, CSS method of specifying fonts. And are people who use TV screens to surf the Web really the target audience for online news feeds?

Regarding hyperlinks that NewsGator Online forces into strange sizes and colors, Reinacker acknowledged, “Those sound like CSS bugs on our side.” The NewsGator Online Web service uses CSS styles to control the links in its user interface, and these styles wrongly affect the links within news feeds as well, as far as I can determine.

Bloglines Anticipates More Style Support

Bloglines senior developer Paul Querna told me at Gnomedex that styles are currently stripped out by his company’s Web service, “but we’ve talked about ways to support more of this.” The biggest challenge is to read a publisher’s CSS and leave in only those styles that cannot, say, download programs or write garbage all over the Windows Desktop.

“No one’s really done it yet,” Querna explained. “We’ve been kind of waiting for an easy way to do a CSS processor.”

Since every online RSS aggregator is, by definition, running within one browser or another, it’s not difficult to simply allow that browser to render any styles that are found. RSS readers such as Bloglines, however, must write routines that accept safe styles within CSS Level 1 while excluding dangerous styles.

One promising development for RSS feeds is that Bloglines now supports Macromedia Flash, which NewsGator Online currently does not. Bloglines has supported Flash videos for a few months, but gained Flash audio support only within the last week, according to senior product manager Robyn DeuPree. (The company hasn’t yet announced this — you read it here first.) Although Flash files can theoretically harbor suspicious code, Bloglines makes Flash safe by restricting it from running any script commands. Flash files, therefore, can only display video content or play an audio track.

Browsers, E-Mail, and Soon RSS Aggregators

Let’s hope it doesn’t take many more years for the promising field of RSS news feeds to gain support for Web-standard styles. Some content just isn’t that compelling when it’s forced into a plain-vanilla mold.

What Is Public In Java?

Introduction to the public in Java

Web development, programming languages, Software testing & others

The syntax of public is shown below. In the below example, the variable word is declared as public inside the class Example. The variable word is available in the functions. The functions are Sum() and average(). So, the variable word is readily available in other functions, although it has not been specifically called in the respective function. In case of a variable that has been declared as private cannot be accessed in other functions or classes. Therefore, in the case where the variable is not allowed to get accessed in other functions, the access modifier private is used.

Code:

class Example { public int hello; public void sum(int a) { } public void average(int a) { } } Examples of public in Java

Given below are the examples mentioned:

Example #1

Now we see a coding example in which the public access modifier is used, and then it is used to add two numbers. There are two classes. One is the main() in which we create an object of Addition(), and then we call the other class through two numbers. The name of the object created is obj, and it is very useful in calculating the sum. There can also be other functions and classes such as Multiply as well as Divide. The coding example is a simple program where there are two classes.

Code:

class Addition { public int add(int a, int b){ return a+b; } } public class Main{ public static void main(String args[]){ Addition obj = new Addition(); System.out.println(obj.add(50, 50)); } }

The two numbers which are included are 50 both. When we add the two numbers, we get the final output as 100, as shown. The function used to add the two numbers is add(), and an object is created. We can also create other classes where we can have other functionalities, and we can create that object in the main() of the program.

Example #2

In this coding example, we create an object in the main(). The below program is used to multiply two numbers and produce the multiplication output. There is a single object obj that is created and is used to call two numbers. One is the number that has double as its type, which is used in the same class. In the Hello class, there is a main() which is created and is used to call the square() as well as the number which has its type as double.

class XYZ{ public double num = 100; public int square(int a){ return a*a; } } public class Hello{ public static void main(String args[]){ XYZ obj = new XYZ(); System.out.println(obj.num); System.out.println(obj.square(10)); } }

Output:

The sample output is a clear depiction of the two variables, which are called inside the main(). First, the number 100, which has double as its type, is shown as well as the square of a number which is there in a function. There is a function square() which shows the square of a number and is created inside another class, and then inside another class, there is a main(), which calls the Square(), and the number is shown as input. The number which is shown as input, in this case, is 10, and the square of the respective number is 100, which is shown in the output panel.

Advantages of public in Java

Unlike the private access modifier, which is the most restricted modifier, public is used when functions are used to call in classes.

It is available in classes, package, subclass(within the same package) and subclass(within other packages).

Also, the functions are also available in other classes.

Public functionality is used for running programs which has a single main(), and there are multiple other functions that have different functionality, which is called inside the main().

Conclusion

How To Set Margin For Individual Sides In Css?

Introduction to CSS Margin

Web development, programming languages, Software testing & others

Margin Properties

Other than setting precise margin values, CSS also allows us to set the following values as margin properties:

auto: With these options, we are letting the browser calculate the element’s margin

length: As mentioned before, we can specify a precise margin in px, pt, cm, etc.

%: We can specify margin value as a % of the width of the element containing it.

inherit: With this; we specify that the element’s margin value should be inherited from that of its parent element

Setting Margin for Individual Sides in CSS

CSS allows us to set margin values individually for each side of the elements with the following properties:

Margin-top: It sets the margin to the top of the element.

Margin-bottom: It sets the margin to the bottom of the element.

Margin-left: It sets a margin to the left of the element.

Margin-right: It sets the margin to the right of the element.

Or we can also use the shorthand margin property in CSS to set the margin on all sides of the element with a single definition, as shown below:

Example #1

Code:

.p1 { margin-top: 100px; } .p2 { margin-bottom: 100px; } .p3 { margin-right: 150px; } .p4 { margin-left: 80px; } Div { background-color: yellow; } The world’s most popular programming languages in today’s era are Java : Java has been holding position 1 or 2 for the world’s most popular languages since it’s inception. It was created in mid 90s and since then many large and small companies have adopted it for developing desktop and web applications. C : C is a popular language for cars, sensors and embedded systems. It has been one of the top most popular languages mainly due to its universal compatibility. Python : Python is very popular in today’s era specially since it support quick development of application based on machine learning, big data and AI. The world’s most popular programming languages in today’s era are Java : Java has been holding position 1 or 2 for the world’s most popular languages since it’s inception. It was created in mid 90s and since then many large and small companies have adopted it for developing desktop and web applications. C : C is a popular language for cars, sensors and embedded systems. It has been one of the top most popular languages mainly due to its universal compatibility. Python : Python is very popular in today’s era specially since it support quick development of application based on machine learning, big data and AI. The world’s most popular programming languages in today’s era are Java : Java has been holding position 1 or 2 for the world’s most popular languages since it’s inception. It was created in mid 90s and since then many large and small companies have adopted it for developing desktop and web applications. C : C is a popular language for cars, sensors and embedded systems. It has been one of the top most popular languages mainly due to its universal compatibility. Python : Python is very popular in today’s era specially since it support quick development of application based on machine learning, big data and AI. The world’s most popular programming languages in today’s era are Java : Java has been holding position 1 or 2 for the world’s most popular languages since it’s inception. It was created in mid 90s and since then many large and small companies have adopted it for developing desktop and web applications. C: C is a popular language for cars, sensors and embedded systems. It has been one of the top most popular languages mainly due to its universal compatibility. Python : Python is very popular in today’s era specially since it support quick development of application based on machine learning, big data and AI.

The output of the above example in the browser window would be as follows:

Example #2

To set the margins of our choice in the above example, we had to define the margin values four times. Now let’s set the same margin values with margin shorthand property in the below example:

div { Margin : 100px 150px 100px 80px; } The world’s most popular programming languages in today’s era are Java : Java has been holding position 1 or 2 for the world’s most popular languages since it’s inception. It was created in mid 90s and since then many large and small companies have adopted it for developing desktop and web applications. C : C is a popular language for cars, sensors and embedded systems. It has been one of the top most popular languages mainly due to its universal compatibility. Python : Python is very popular in today’s era specially since it support quick development of application based on machine learning, big data and AI.

Output:

With the shorthand property, the output in the browser window would be as follows:

Conclusion

We can set the margin property of HTML elements either with individual properties like margin-left, margin-right, margin-top, and margin-bottom, or we can define all margin values with the help of margin shorthand value. Both will produce the same result. The only difference would be that the code with the shorthand property would be more efficient and easy to apply.

How To Add Dark Mode In Reactjs Using Tailwind Css?

Dark mode has become one of the important aesthetic additions that one might think in recent years. It offers several benefits like reduced eye strain, improved accessibility, and a modern aesthetic. And this might be tempting enough for you to add this functionality to your web pages. And this might even be way easier than you might actually think. By combining two of the most widely used frameworks ReactJS and Tailwind CSS, you can add dark mode to your web pages quickly and easily.

useState() Hook

useState is a hook in React that allows you to add state to your functional components. State is an object that holds data that can change over time, and it’s used to store and manage component data that affects its behavior or render.

Syntax const [state, setState] = useState(initialValue);

Here’s what each part of the syntax does −

useState − The hook that you call to add state to your component.

stateVariable − The name of the state variable that you want to create. This is the first value in the returned array from useState.

setStateVariable − The function that you use to update the state. This is the second value in the returned array from useState.

initialValue − The initial value for the state. This is the argument that you pass to useState when you call the hook. The initial value is used to initialize the state the first time the component is rendered.

useState returns an array with two values: the current state value, and a function to update it.

useEffect() Hook

useEffect is a hook in React that lets you synchronize a component with an external system, such as a back-end API, a timer, or a mouse event handler. It helps you manage side effects, which are functions that can modify or update the state or other parts of the application when a component is mounted, updated, or unmounted.

Syntax

}; }, [dependency1, dependency2, …]);

useEffect takes two arguments −

A callback function that will run whenever a component is updated.

A list of dependencies that tell useEffect when to run the callback.

Approach

We will use a custom component to add that will be responsible for toggling between dark and light mode. In this component, we will make use of the above mentioned useState() hook to keep track of the current mode (light or dark) and useEffect() hook to update the document’s body class when the mode changes. We will use Tailwind CSS to provide styling to the different components in all the modes.

Example

The following example’s implementation is divided into several files: chúng tôi chúng tôi chúng tôi chúng tôi and chúng tôi In chúng tôi React, ReactDOM, and two CSS files are imported. chúng tôi sets up the app’s structure with a dark mode toggle and content. chúng tôi returns a button with bg-gray-500 class for the background and other classes for text and border properties. chúng tôi defines the appearance of the dark mode, including background and text colors. The darkMode state is toggled with useState hook and changes the class name of the main container to light or dark. This implementation demonstrates using Tailwind CSS to easily add dark mode to ReactJS.

Step 1 − We will start by conceiving the React application.

npx create-react-app dark-mode

Step 2 − We will now switch to the application directory.

cd dark-mode

Step 3 − Let us now install Tailwind CSS.

npm install tailwindcss

The following is the complete code of all the files in the src folder which were modified in this example −

chúng tôi

import React from 'react'; import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'; import './index.css'; import './dark-mode.css'; import App from './App';

chúng tôi

@import "tailwindcss/base"; @import "tailwindcss/components"; @import "tailwindcss/utilities"; body { margin: 0; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', 'Roboto', 'Oxygen', 'Ubuntu', 'Cantarell', 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } code { font-family: source-code-pro, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; }

chúng tôi

import React, { useState } from 'react'; import DarkModeToggle from './DarkModeToggle'; function App() { const [darkMode, setDarkMode] = useState(false); return ( ); } export default App;

chúng tôi

import React from 'react'; function DarkModeToggle({ darkMode, setDarkMode }) { return ( <button className={`bg-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-700 text-white font-medium py-2 px-4 rounded-md ${darkMode ? 'active' : ''}`} {darkMode ? 'Light Mode' : 'Dark Mode'} ); } export default DarkModeToggle;

chúng tôi

.mode-container { background-color: #f5f5f5; position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0; right: 0; overflow: auto; } .dark { background-color: #222222; color: #f5f5f5; } .light { background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #222222; } Output Conclusion

Handling Css Color Fonts With Font

Color fonts are a relatively new feature in CSS that allows for more complex and visually rich typography. A color font is a file containing color information in addition to the standard glyph outlines. The browser can display text with multiple colors and shades when using a color font.

Color fonts can be used to create visually stunning text effects such as gradients, shadows, and 3D effects. They can also be used to add more subtle highlights or accents to text.

Issues in Conventional Text Expression

While CSS allows you to change the color of text, it cannot represent more complex text formatting where each character has a different color or shading.

You might need to use an image or element like canvas to represent such text. However, using images can be expensive in terms of performance, and it can limit accessibility and usability of the site as users won’t be able to zoom in or out, select text, or copy it.

Thus, it’s important to consider the trade-offs between aesthetics and accessibility when designing and implementing text formatting on a website.

Color Fonts

To use color fonts, it is necessary to create font files according to font formats such as OpenType-SVG and COLR.

Google Fonts provides a search filter to show only color fonts available in their library.

COLRv1 is a relatively new format for color fonts that adds features such as gradation, which was not possible in the previous version, COLRv0.

Most modern browsers support COLRv1, except for Safari, which supports COLRv0.

Using color fonts can help improve the issues mentioned earlier, about representing complex text formatting on a website. However, it is important to note that color fonts can be larger in file size and may not be supported by all browsers.

Using font-palette and font-palette-value

Color fonts can include multiple color patterns, providing designers with greater options for creating visually appealing typography. Nabla, for instance, offers seven patterns, including yellow and pink-based designs.

The normal value uses the default palette specified by the font, while light and dark apply the light or dark mode palette specified by the font file. If the palette isn’t specified in the font file, it defaults to the same palette as normal.

@font-palette-values --Nabla { /* using the identifier */ font-family: 'Nabla'; base-palette: 5; } h2 { font-family: 'Nabla'; font-palette: --Nabla; } Using override-colors

The font-palette-value property allows for partial color changes using override-colors.

@font-palette-values --Nabla { /* identifier */ font-family: 'Nabla'; base-palette: 3; override-colors: /* adding a red outline */ 0 rgb(255, 0, 0), 1 rgb(255, 255, 255), 2 rgb(255, 255, 255), 3 rgb(255, 255, 255); } h2 { font-family: 'Nabla'; font-palette: --Nabla; }

You can see the outline effect:

an example of using override-colors

However, it’s not currently possible to call a CSS custom property value in font-palette-value.

Here is an example that does not work:

:root { --base-palette: 3; } @font-palette-values --Nabla { font-family: 'Nabla'; base-palette: var(--base-palette); }

In the spec, it says this,

Functions such as ”calc()”, ”var()”, and ”env()” are valid within the braces of a ”@font-palette-values” rule. They are evaluated within the context of the root element. Relative units are also evaluated within the context of the root element.

And there is a discussion on GitHub that is debating whether or not to allow var() at all.

I am not sure what will happen in the future, but if you want to switch palette values dynamically in the current state of the spec, you can assign font-palette-values itself to a custom property to solve the problem.

@font-palette-values --blue { font-family: 'Nabla'; base-palette: 3; } @font-palette-values --gray { font-family: 'Nabla'; base-palette: 4; } :root { --font-palette: --blue; } h2 { font-family: 'Nabla'; font-palette: var(--font-palette); }

You can also check out this CodePen demo to try out the different palettes that Nabla offers:

See the Pen Handling CSS Color Fonts with font-palette by Alex Ivanovs (@stackdiary) on CodePen.

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